Theavailability of seeds of native species in many countries for grassland restoration is limited; therefore, ex situ seed banks can gain importance as a source of germplasm in the future. We tested the usability of seed accessions of the Pannon Seed Bank for reintroduction with the aim to restore sandy grassland in Hungary. Seeds of 10 native sandy grassland species were seeded in the year of collection and after one or two years of storage. The establishment was estimated by counting seedlings along seeded transects for two vegetation seasons. This study produced the first numerical estimate we know about of native sand grassland species emergence in the field. A low establishment of the tested species was found, ranging from 0.002 to 8%. Within this range, Dianthus serotinus had the highest establishment, while Festuca vaginata, which was sown as matrix species, performed only medium establishment. The short‐term storage (1 or 2 years) of seeds had no significant effect, except for F. vaginata, where seed storage had a positive effect on reintroduction success. The year of seeding had the highest influence on recruitment. Four species were found to emerge over two years instead of only the first year. Based on our results, the weak seed yield of certain years and the low supply of native seeds in the market can be mitigated by using stored seeds. It is recommended to use multi‐year, scheduled seeding to reduce the negative impacts of particularly dry years and to increase the restoration success.

中文翻译：

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干旱环境下种子贮藏期和播种年限对草地树种苗期建立的影响

在许多国家，本地物种的种子可用于恢复草原的能力有限；因此，异地种子库可能会在将来成为种质资源的重要性。我们测试了Pannon种子库种子种质用于再引入的用途，目的是恢复匈牙利的沙质草地。在采集的当年和储存一两年后，播种了10种本地沙质草原物种的种子。通过计算两个植被季节沿种子样带的幼苗来估算建立的数量。这项研究得出了我们所知的关于田间原生沙地草原物种出现的第一个数值估计。发现受测物种的建立率较低，范围为0.002至8％。在此范围内，石竹具有最高的建立，而作为基质物种播种的Festuca阴道仅进行中等建立。种子的短期储存（1年或2年）没有明显影响，除了阴道念珠菌（F.阴道），种子的储存对再导入成功有积极的影响。播种年份对招聘的影响最大。发现在两年内出现了四个物种，而不仅仅是第一年。根据我们的结果，可以通过使用储存的种子来缓解某些年份的种子产量疲软和市场上天然种子供应不足的情况。建议使用定期播种的多年期播种，以减少特别干旱年份的负面影响并提高恢复成功率。