Robust arterial transit time and cerebral blood flow estimation using combined acquisition of Hadamard-encoded multi-delay and long-labeled long-delay pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling: a simulation and in vivo study.,NMR in Biomedicine

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Robust arterial transit time and cerebral blood flow estimation using combined acquisition of Hadamard-encoded multi-delay and long-labeled long-delay pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling: a simulation and in vivo study.
NMR in Biomedicine ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4319
Shota Ishida ₁ , Hirohiko Kimura ₂ , Makoto Isozaki ₃ , Naoyuki Takei ₄ , Yasuhiro Fujiwara ₅ , Masayuki Kanamoto ₁ , Nobuyuki Kosaka ₂ , Tsuyoshi Matsuda ₆ , Eiji Kidoya ₁

Affiliation

Arterial transit time (ATT) prolongation causes an error of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement during arterial spin labeling (ASL). To improve the accuracy of ATT and CBF in patients with prolonged ATT, we propose a robust ATT and CBF estimation method for clinical practice. The proposed method consists of a three‐delay Hadamard‐encoded pseudo‐continuous ASL (H‐pCASL) with an additional‐encoding and single‐delay with long‐labeled long‐delay (1dLLLD) acquisition. The additional‐encoding allows for the reconstruction of a single‐delay image with long‐labeled short‐delay (1dLLSD) in addition to the normal Hadamard sub‐bolus images. Five different images (normal Hadamard 3 delay, 1dLLSD, 1dLLLD) were reconstructed to calculate ATT and CBF. A Monte Carlo simulation and an in vivo study were performed to access the accuracy of the proposed method in comparison to normal 7‐delay (7d) H‐pCASL with equally divided sub‐bolus labeling duration (LD). The simulation showed that the accuracy of CBF is strongly affected by ATT. It was also demonstrated that underestimation of ATT and CBF by 7d H‐pCASL was higher with longer ATT than with the proposed method. Consistent with the simulation, the 7d H‐pCASL significantly underestimated the ATT compared to that of the proposed method. This underestimation was evident in the distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA; P = 0.0394) and the distal posterior cerebral artery (PCA; 2 P = 0.0255). Similar to the ATT, the CBF was underestimated with 7d H‐pCASL in the distal ACA (P = 0.0099), distal middle cerebral artery (P = 0.0109), and distal PCA (P = 0.0319) compared to the proposed method. Improving the SNR of each delay image (even though the number of delays is small) is crucial for ATT estimation. This is opposed to acquiring many delays with short LD. The proposed method confers accurate ATT and CBF estimation within a practical acquisition time in a clinical setting.

中文翻译：

使用 Hadamard 编码的多延迟和长标记长延迟伪连续动脉自旋标记的联合采集进行稳健的动脉通过时间和脑血流估计：模拟和体内研究。

动脉通过时间 (ATT) 延长会导致动脉自旋标记 (ASL) 期间脑血流量 (CBF) 测量出现错误。为了提高 ATT 和 CBF 对长期 ATT 患者的准确性，我们提出了一种用于临床实践的稳健的 ATT 和 CBF 估计方法。所提出的方法包括具有附加编码的三延迟哈达玛编码伪连续 ASL（H-pCASL）和具有长标记长延迟（1dLLLD）采集的单延迟。除了正常的 Hadamard sub-bolus 图像外，附加编码还允许重建具有长标记短延迟 (1dLLSD) 的单延迟图像。重建了五个不同的图像（正常的 Hadamard 3 延迟、1dLLSD、1dLLLD）以计算 ATT 和 CBF。进行了蒙特卡罗模拟和体内研究，以与具有等分的 sub-bolus 标记持续时间 (LD) 的正常 7 延迟 (7d) H-pCASL 相比，获得所提出方法的准确性。仿真表明，CBF 的精度受 ATT 的影响很大。还表明，7d H-pCASL 对 ATT 和 CBF 的低估在 ATT 较长的情况下高于所提出的方法。与模拟一致，与所提出的方法相比，7d H-pCASL 显着低估了 ATT。这种低估在大脑前动脉远端 (ACA; P = 0.0394) 和大脑后动脉远端 (PCA; 2 P = 0.0255) 中很明显。与 ATT 类似，CBF 在远端 ACA（P = 0.0099）、远端大脑中动脉（P = 0.0109）和远端 PCA（P = 0. 0319) 与所提出的方法相比。提高每个延迟图像的 SNR（即使延迟数量很少）对于 ATT 估计至关重要。这与用短 LD 获得许多延迟相反。所提出的方法在临床环境中的实际采集时间内提供准确的 ATT 和 CBF 估计。

更新日期：2020-07-08

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