The trait‐based approach can address questions in order to understand how the functioning of organisms scales up to that of ecosystems and controls some of the services they deliver to humans, including in agriculture. However, the importance of interspecific vs the intraspecific trait variability (ITV) for classifying species according to their traits in agrosystems on a large diversity of pedoclimatic situations and cropping systems remains still open. Here, we addressed three questions: How do measured traits vary across years and seasons? Are species rankings conserved across years and season? And which traits and species are the more stable and repeatable for sown and spontaneous species? We conducted a two‐year experiment in a vineyard, and we measured four leaf and plant functional traits of 14 sown species and 43 spontaneous species that grew among sown species. Traits were measured at two key phenological stages for grapevine: budburst and flowering during two successive years with contrasted rainfall (2017 and 2018). We studied seasonal and interannual trait variations, rankings between species, and variance partitioning. The species factor explained the greatest part of trait variations across years and seasons. Sown and spontaneous species traits varied in the same way, and traits related to plant dry matter contents were the more stable across periods. Moreover, species rankings were conserved across years and seasons for all traits except plant height. Sown species showed better ranking conservation than spontaneous species overall. The trait‐based approach seems promising for the comparison of various cropping systems involving sown and spontaneous species, and may help identifying service crop species related to specific agroecosystem services. Further research is needed to bring more knowledge on trait variations under a diversity of agrosystems, and to improve theoretical frameworks that would help the design of sustainable agrosystems that provide multiple ecosystem services.

中文翻译：

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葡萄园行间播种和自发物种功能性状的季节性和年度变化

基于特征的方法可以解决一些问题，以了解生物的功能如何扩展到生态系统的功能，并控制它们向人类（包括农业）提供的某些服务。然而，种间和种内性状变异性（ITV）对于在多种多样的气候环境和耕作系统上根据农业系统中的种属特征进行分类的重要性仍然是未知的。在这里，我们解决了三个问题：所测得的性状随年份和季节如何变化？在多年和季节中，物种排名是否保持不变？对于播种和自发的物种，哪些性状和物种更稳定且可重复？我们在葡萄园里进行了为期两年的实验，我们测量了14种播种和43种自种中生长的自发物种的4种叶片和植物功能性状。在葡萄的两个重要物候阶段测量了性状：连续两年的降雨（2017年和2018年）中的芽萌和开花。我们研究了季节性和年际特征变化，物种之间的排名以及方差划分。物种因素解释了多年和四季性状变异的最大部分。播种和自发物种的性状以相同的方式变化，并且与植物干物质含量有关的性状在整个时期内更加稳定。此外，除植物高度外，所有性状的物种排名在多年和四季中均保持不变。播种的物种比整体自发的物种表现出更好的等级保护。基于特征的方法对于比较涉及播种和自发物种的各种种植系统似乎很有希望，并且可能有助于确定与特定农业生态系统服务有关的服务作物物种。需要进行进一步的研究，以使更多的农业系统多样性特征方面的知识，并改善理论框架，这将有助于设计提供多种生态系统服务的可持续农业系统。