Current approaches that compare spatial genetic structure of a given species and the dispersal of its mobile phase can detect a mismatch between both patterns mainly due to processes acting at different temporal scales. Genetic structure result from gene flow and other evolutionary and demographic processes over many generations, while dispersal predicted from the mobile phase often represents solely one generation on a single time‐step. In this study, we present a spatial graph approach to landscape genetics that extends connectivity networks with a stepping‐stone model to represent dispersal between suitable habitat patches over multiple generations. We illustrate the approach with the case of the striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus in the Mediterranean Sea. The genetic connectivity of M. surmuletus was not correlate with the estimated dispersal probability over one generation, but with the stepping‐stone estimate of larval dispersal, revealing the temporal scale of connectivity across the Mediterranean Sea. Our results highlight the importance of considering multiple generations and different time scales when relating demographic and genetic connectivity. The spatial graph of genetic distances further untangles intra‐population genetic structure revealing the Siculo‐Tunisian Strait as an important corridor rather than a barrier for gene flow between the Western‐ and Eastern Mediterranean basins, and identifying Mediterranean islands as important stepping‐stones for gene flow between continental populations. Our approach can be easily extended to other systems and environments.

中文翻译：

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空间图突出显示了多代分散形状如何影响遗传模式

比较给定物种的空间遗传结构及其流动相的扩散的当前方法可以检测到两种模式之间的不匹配，这主要是由于在不同时间尺度上起作用的过程。遗传结构是由基因流动以及许多世代的其他进化和人口统计学过程产生的，而从流动相预测的扩散通常仅代表一个时间步的一个世代。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种空间图方法来进行景观遗传学研究，该方法利用垫脚石模型扩展了连通性网络，以代表多个世代之间合适的栖息地斑块之间的分散。我们以地中海红the鱼Mullus surmuletus的情况为例进行说明。的遗传连通性surmuletus与一代人的估计扩散概率无关，但与幼虫扩散的垫脚石估计相关，揭示了整个地中海连通性的时间尺度。我们的结果强调了在考虑人口统计和遗传联系时，考虑多代人和不同时间尺度的重要性。遗传距离的空间图进一步弄清了人口内部的遗传结构，揭示了西culo-突尼斯海峡是重要的走廊，而不是东西地中海盆地之间基因流动的障碍，并且将地中海岛屿确定为该基因的重要垫脚石大陆人口之间的流动。我们的方法可以轻松扩展到其他系统和环境。