Cardiometabolic risk factors may be of key importance in the development of future brain diseases like dementia or depression. However, it remains unclear how these risk factors exactly affect the brain. Advanced MR imaging methods such as, diffusion weighted and functional MRI, can provide detailed insights into subtle brain changes, and potentially into early development of disease. In this narrative review, we summarize the available evidence on the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors with subtle changes in brain MRI measures. We found clear evidence that hyperglycemia, physical inactivity, central obesity, and hypertension are associated with both structural and functional brain alterations, while the role of dyslipidemia is far less clear. However, longitudinal evidence that assesses temporality of the associations with more advanced and thus more precise brain imaging methods is needed to improve our insights into the complex etiology of brain diseases.

中文翻译：

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早期和晚期脑部改变的心脏代谢决定因素：传统和新型MRI技术的见解。

代谢危险因素可能在痴呆症或抑郁症等未来脑部疾病的发展中至关重要。但是，尚不清楚这些危险因素如何精确影响大脑。先进的MR成像方法（例如弥散加权和功能MRI）可提供细微的大脑变化以及疾病早期发展的详细见解。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们总结了有关心脏代谢危险因素与脑部MRI测量细微变化之间的联系的现有证据。我们发现明确的证据表明，高血糖，缺乏运动，中枢性肥胖和高血压与大脑的结构和功能改变有关，而血脂异常的作用则尚不清楚。然而，