Abstract Carbon dots (CDots), an emerging class of photoluminescent materials, exhibit excellent optical, electrical and chemical properties with many potential applications. Hetero-atom doping in CDots represents a robust and versatile technique to further improve the chemical composition and structure properties of CDots. In this review, we provide an updated roadmap of the hetero-atom-doped CDots. Various up-to-date synthetic strategies, starting with different raw materials to synthetic methods to doping elements, are surveyed. Furthermore, the catalysis, optical properties, biological properties and the potential applications of hetero-atom doped CDots, including nano-probes, optoelectronic devices, catalysis, and biomedicine are also reviewed. We further provide an outlook towards future developments of the hetero-atom-doped CDots. This review will provide a summary of the latest progress of hetero-atom-doped CDots and is expected to inspire further developments in this exciting class of materials.

中文翻译：

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杂原子掺杂碳点：掺杂策略、特性和应用

摘要 碳点（CDots）是一类新兴的光致发光材料，具有优异的光学、电学和化学性质，具有许多潜在的应用前景。CDots 中的杂原子掺杂代表了一种强大且通用的技术，可进一步改善 CDots 的化学成分和结构特性。在这篇综述中，我们提供了杂原子掺杂 CDot 的更新路线图。调查了各种最新的合成策略，从不同的原材料到掺杂元素的合成方法。此外，还综述了杂原子掺杂 CDots 的催化、光学性质、生物学性质和潜在应用，包括纳米探针、光电器件、催化和生物医学。我们进一步展望了杂原子掺杂 CDots 的未来发展。