Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been found to be effective in treatment resistant neurological and psychiatric disorders. So far there has been only one completed trial in schizophrenia, in which seven treatment resistant patients received DBS in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC, N = 4) or the nucleus accumbens (NAc, N = 3); four met symptomatic response criteria over the trial period. Six patients underwent 18 F-FDG PET at baseline and after at least 6 months of stimulation. Individual patient analysis indicated that DBS to both the sgACC and NAc was associated with local and distant changes in glucose metabolism. Increments and decrements of brain activity were observed in regions that included the medial prefrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the caudate nucleus, the NAc, the hippocampus and the thalamus. Increased activity appeared to be associated with clinical improvement. These preliminary findings suggest that DBS acts by modulating cerebral activity in the cortico-basal-thalamic-cortical circuit in patients with schizophrenia who show improvement in psychotic symptoms.

已发现深部脑刺激（DBS）可有效治疗抗药性神经和精神疾病。到目前为止，在精神分裂症中只有一项完整的试验，其中七名对治疗有抵抗力的患者接受了在舌下前扣带回皮层（sgACC，N = 4）或伏隔核（NAc，N = 3）中接受DBS治疗；在试验期间，有4个符合症状缓解标准。6名患者在基线和至少刺激6个月后接受了18 F-FDG PET。个别患者分析表明，sgACC和NAc的DBS与葡萄糖代谢的局部和远距离变化有关。在包括内侧前额叶皮层，背外侧前额叶皮层，前扣带回皮层，尾状核，NAc在内的区域观察到了大脑活动的增减。海马和丘脑。活动增加似乎与临床改善有关。这些初步发现表明，DBS通过调节精神病症状有所改善的精神分裂症患者的大脑-基底-丘脑-皮质回路中的大脑活动来发挥作用。