Heterogeneous materials possess unique combinations of strength, toughness, and multifunctionality, which are derived from the interplay between the different material constituents. The performance of such materials can be further improved via hierarchical architecting, including down to the nanoscale. Here, a novel hierarchical nanoengineered layered architecture is created by harnessing the coherent buckling of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays followed by their integration with existing aerospace-grade carbon microfiber polymer-matrix advanced composites. In-plane tensile and interlaminar shear strengths are improved beyond the aerospace composite by $\sim$30% and 10%, respectively, and also beyond another CNT hierarchical architecture. Multiscale reinforcement mechanisms responsible for the strength enhancement, including nanofiber pullout, bridging, and suppression of delamination, are revealed by scanning electron microscopy and 3D X-ray computed tomography. The ability to design and create scalable, hierarchical materials with characteristic dimensions spanning from the nanoscale to the macroscale opens up a wide new avenue of next-generation advanced materials with enhanced mechanical and multifunctional properties.

异质材料具有强度，韧性和多功能性的独特组合，这是由于不同材料成分之间的相互作用而产生的。此类材料的性能可以通过分层架构（包括低至纳米级）进一步提高。在这里，通过利用垂直排列的碳纳米管（CNT）阵列的相干屈曲，然后将其与现有的航空级碳微纤维聚合物-基体先进复合材料集成在一起，创建了一种新颖的分层纳米工程分层体系结构。面内拉伸强度和层间剪切强度比航空航天复合材料提高了：$〜$分别为30％和10％，并且超出了另一个CNT层次结构。通过扫描电子显微镜和3D X射线计算机断层扫描揭示了负责强度增强的多尺度增强机制，包括纳米纤维的拉出，桥接和分层的抑制。设计和创建具有可伸缩性的，具有从纳米尺度到宏观尺度的特征尺寸的分层材料的能力，为具有增强的机械和多功能特性的下一代先进材料开辟了广阔的新途径。