Fluid-like colloidal structures are key components in nature's own functional materials and important for various applications. For instance, self-assembled structures are formed spontaneously by amphiphilic molecules in solvent, tailored by directional noncovalent intermolecular forces. These structures form the framework of cells defining their geometry and microenvironments for chemical reactions, for maintaining concentration gradients, and for nutrient exchange. Knowledge on the mechanisms at play that underlie the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into nanostructures in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents and their dispersion into particles can have direct implications for the rational design of new advanced and nature-inspired materials. These colloidal materials could help to deliver drug molecules and nutrients in a tailored manner to the body, or act as sustainable solvents for chemical or biotechnological processes. This contribution summarizes the recent progress in understanding the self-assembly structure formation in polar and nonpolar solvents and discusses the advances in hierarchically organized systems. Furthermore, it discusses challenges in the characterization of structure and dynamics in these biomimetic materials and highlights selected applications in the fields of drug delivery, food, and biotechnology.

流体状的胶体结构是自然界自身功能材料中的关键组成部分，对于各种应用而言都很重要。例如，通过方向性非共价分子间力定制的两亲分子在溶剂中自发形成自组装结构。这些结构形成了细胞的框架，这些细胞定义了它们的几何形状和微环境，用于化学反应，维持浓度梯度和营养交换。有关两亲分子在水和非水溶剂中自组装成纳米结构以及将其分散成颗粒的基础机理的知识，可能对合理设计新的先进且受自然启发的材料产生直接影响。这些胶体材料可以帮助以定制的方式将药物分子和营养物传递给人体，或充当化学或生物技术过程的可持续溶剂。该贡献总结了了解极性和非极性溶剂中自组装结构形成的最新进展，并讨论了分层组织系统的进展。此外，它讨论了这些仿生材料在结构和动力学表征方面的挑战，并着重介绍了在药物输送，食品和生物技术领域的选定应用。该贡献总结了了解极性和非极性溶剂中自组装结构形成的最新进展，并讨论了分层组织系统的进展。此外，它讨论了这些仿生材料在结构和动力学表征方面的挑战，并着重介绍了在药物输送，食品和生物技术领域的选定应用。该贡献总结了了解极性和非极性溶剂中自组装结构形成的最新进展，并讨论了分层组织系统的进展。此外，它讨论了这些仿生材料在结构和动力学表征方面的挑战，并重点介绍了在药物输送，食品和生物技术领域中的选定应用。