The building structure maintenance and safety monitoring system has become an important guarantee of building structure safety. The service life of conventional large-scale buildings is usually fixed in hundreds of years, while the sensor life of the corresponding structural health monitoring (SHM) system can only be maintained in more than ten years or even shorter. Therefore, it is very important and significant to identify and detect the sensor fault of the building SHM system in time and effectively. Based on the communication load optimization technology, this paper will control and optimize the communication load and energy efficiency of a large number of sensor devices, so that the whole monitoring system network has the advantages of small flow and large amount of connected data. At the same time, according to the generalized quasi natural analogy test principle, a sensor fault self diagnosis method is proposed, so as to further quickly realize the detection system sensor fault and fault channel determination. Based on this, the sensor fault detection algorithm of the communication load optimization based building SHM system proposed in this paper is applied to the structure safety monitoring of a large building. The experimental results show that the diagnosis results of this method are accurate and consistent with the actual situation.

建筑结构维护与安全监控系统已成为建筑结构安全的重要保证。常规大型建筑物的使用寿命通常固定在数百年之内，而相应的结构健康监测（SHM）系统的传感器寿命只能保持10年以上，甚至更短。因此，及时有效地识别和检测建筑物SHM系统的传感器故障具有十分重要的意义。基于通信负载优化技术，本文将控制和优化大量传感器设备的通信负载和能效，使整个监控系统网络具有流量小，连接数据量大的优点。同时，根据广义准自然类比测试原理，提出了一种传感器故障自诊断方法，以进一步快速实现检测系统传感器故障和故障通道的确定。在此基础上，将本文提出的基于通信负载优化的建筑物SHM系统的传感器故障检测算法应用于大型建筑物的结构安全监控。实验结果表明，该方法的诊断结果准确，符合实际情况。将本文提出的基于通信负荷优化的建筑物SHM系统的传感器故障检测算法应用于大型建筑物的结构安全监测。实验结果表明，该方法的诊断结果准确，符合实际情况。将本文提出的基于通信负荷优化的建筑物SHM系统的传感器故障检测算法应用于大型建筑物的结构安全监测。实验结果表明，该方法的诊断结果准确，符合实际情况。