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Don’t forget your lunch: Age and individual differences in how children perform everyday tasks
Cognitive Development ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100879
Sammy Perone , Alana J. Anderson , Elizabeth A. Youatt

Abstract Performing everyday tasks well is important for children’s success in the home and classroom and thought to rely on cognitive processes as studied in lab-based paradigms. There has been much interest in the link between executive function (EF) and children’s achievements in real world settings. Little is known about how children’s EF is related to their capacity to complete everyday tasks typical in real world settings. There is no gold standard for measuring how children complete everyday tasks. We developed a real world paradigm in which a group of 6- to 7-year-old and a group of 8- to 10-year-old children (N = 50) were provided instructions to complete routine tasks typical of daily life in a “lab house”, such as gathering homework to prepare for a day at school. To examine the link between EF and performance on the everyday tasks, we measured children’s EF using the Minnesota Executive Function Scale (MEFS). To examine the role of attention to the instructions to performance on the everyday tasks, children were fitted with a mobile eye tracker and looking time to the visual aids the instructions were displayed upon was extracted. Results showed children completed the everyday tasks more accurately and efficiently with age. Individual differences in EF and more looking time to visual aids while instructions were provided accounted for children’s performance above and beyond age. The real world paradigm provides a new platform for investigating how EF is used while completing everyday tasks and developing new methods to foster success.

中文翻译:

不要忘记你的午餐:孩子们如何执行日常任务的年龄和个体差异

摘要 做好日常任务对于儿童在家庭和课堂上的成功很重要,并被认为依赖于在实验室范式中研究的认知过程。人们对执行功能 (EF) 与儿童在现实环境中的成就之间的联系很感兴趣。关于儿童的 EF 与他们完成现实世界环境中典型的日常任务的能力之间的关系知之甚少。没有衡量孩子如何完成日常任务的黄金标准。我们开发了一个现实世界范式,其中一组 6 至 7 岁的儿童和一组 8 至 10 岁的儿童(N = 50)被提供指导,以完成日常生活中典型的日常任务。 “实验室之家”,例如收集作业以准备在学校度过一天。要检查 EF 与日常任务中的表现之间的联系,我们使用明尼苏达执行功能量表 (MEFS) 测量儿童的 EF。为了检查对日常任务的表现指令的注意力的作用,儿童配备了移动眼动仪,并提取了观看显示指令的视觉辅助工具的时间。结果表明,随着年龄的增长,孩子们更准确、更有效地完成了日常任务。EF 的个体差异和更多的视觉辅助时间,同时提供说明说明了儿童在年龄以上和年龄以外的表现。现实世界范式提供了一个新平台,用于调查在完成日常任务和开发新方法以促进成功的同时如何使用 EF。为了检查对日常任务的表现指令的注意力的作用,儿童配备了移动眼动仪,并提取了观看显示指令的视觉辅助工具的时间。结果表明,随着年龄的增长,孩子们更准确、更有效地完成了日常任务。EF 的个体差异和更多的视觉辅助时间,同时提供说明说明了儿童在年龄以上和年龄以外的表现。现实世界范式提供了一个新平台,用于调查在完成日常任务和开发新方法以促进成功的同时如何使用 EF。为了检查对日常任务的表现指令的注意力的作用,儿童配备了移动眼动仪,并提取了观看显示指令的视觉辅助工具的时间。结果表明,随着年龄的增长,孩子们更准确、更有效地完成了日常任务。EF 的个体差异和更多的视觉辅助时间,同时提供说明说明了儿童在年龄以上和年龄以外的表现。现实世界范式提供了一个新平台,用于调查在完成日常任务和开发新方法以促进成功的同时如何使用 EF。结果表明,随着年龄的增长,孩子们更准确、更有效地完成了日常任务。EF 的个体差异和更多的视觉辅助时间,同时提供说明说明了儿童在年龄以上和年龄以外的表现。现实世界范式提供了一个新平台,用于调查在完成日常任务和开发新方法以促进成功的同时如何使用 EF。结果表明,随着年龄的增长,孩子们更准确、更有效地完成了日常任务。EF 的个体差异和更多的视觉辅助时间,同时提供说明说明了儿童在年龄以上和年龄以外的表现。现实世界范式提供了一个新平台,用于调查在完成日常任务和开发新方法以促进成功的同时如何使用 EF。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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