A novel horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme inhibition biosensor based on indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles, hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride (RUT), and chitosan (CH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed. The biosensor fabrication process was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The amounts of ITO nanoparticles and RUT were optimized using a 2² central composite design for the optimization of electrode composition. The detection limits were determined as 8 nM, 3 nM, and 1 nM for Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺, respectively. The inhibition calibration curves of the biosensor were found to be within the range of 0.009–0.301 µM with a sensitivity of 11.97 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻² (0.85 µA µM⁻¹) for Pb²⁺, 0.011–0.368 µM with a sensitivity of 10.84 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻² (0.77 µA µM⁻¹) for Ni²⁺, and 0.008–0.372 µM with a sensitivity of 10.99 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻² (0.78 µA µM⁻¹) for Cd²⁺. The type of HRP inhibition by Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺ was investigated by the Dixon and Cornish-Bowden plots. The effects of possible interfering species on the biosensor response were examined. The analysis of Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺ in tap water was demonstrated using the HRP/ITO-RUT-CH/GCE with satisfactory experimental results. The proposed method agreed with the atomic absorption spectrometry results.

开发了一种新型的基于辣根过氧化酶（HRP）的酶抑制生物传感器，该传感器基于氧化铟锡（ITO），氯化六氨合钌（III）和壳聚糖（CH）修饰的玻碳电极（GCE）。使用扫描电子显微镜，能量色散X射线光谱，循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱研究了生物传感器的制造过程。ITO纳米颗粒和RUT的量使用2 ²中心复合材料设计进行了优化，以优化电极组成。对于Pb 2 ⁺，Ni ²⁺和Cd ²⁺，检测限确定为8 nM，3 nM和1 nM， 分别。发现该生物传感器的抑制校正曲线在0.009–0.301 µM范围内，对Pb ²⁺的灵敏度为11.97 µA µM ^-1 cm ^-2（0.85 µA µM ^-1），灵敏度为0.011–0.368 µM对于Ni ²⁺为10.84 µA µM ^-1 cm ^-2（0.77 µA µM ^-1）和0.008–0.372 µM，对于Cd ²⁺灵敏度为10.99 µM ^-1 cm ^-2（0.78 µA µM ^-1）。Pb 2 ⁺，Ni ²⁺和Cd ²⁺抑制HRP的类型由Dixon和Cornish-Bowden地块调查。检查了可能的干扰物质对生物传感器响应的影响。使用HRP / ITO-RUT-CH / GCE对自来水中的Pb 2 ⁺，Ni ²⁺和Cd ²⁺进行了分析，结果令人满意。所提出的方法与原子吸收光谱法的结果吻合。