Background

There is limited evidence on the association between prenatal smoking exposure and the risk of asthma in children. The aim of this prebirth cohort study was to investigate the association between prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of asthma in Japanese children.

Methods

Study subjects were 1304 mother–child pairs. Information on the variables under study was obtained using repeated questionnaires that were completed by mothers, first prior to delivery, then shortly after birth and subsequently around 4, 12, 24, and 36 months after delivery. Ever asthma was defined as a maternal report of physician-diagnosed asthma at any time since birth. Current asthma was defined as the use of asthma medication at the time of the sixth survey.

Results

Logistic regression models revealed that maternal active smoking, either before pregnancy or during pregnancy, was not associated with the risk of ever asthma or current asthma. Further, no association was observed between postnatally living with at least one household smoker and the risk of asthma. Among children whose mothers are never smokers, maternal second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure at work and/or at home during pregnancy increased the risk of ever asthma and current asthma in children; adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for ever asthma and current asthma were 2.41 (1.13–5.05) and 4.82 (1.68–13.43), respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that maternal SHS exposure during pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of ever asthma and current asthma in young children whose mothers have never smoked.

中文翻译：

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围产期吸烟暴露和出生前三年哮喘风险：一项前瞻性出生前队列研究。

背景

关于产前吸烟暴露与儿童哮喘风险之间关联的证据有限。这项出生前队列研究的目的是调查产前和产后烟草烟雾暴露与日本儿童哮喘风险之间的关联。

方法

研究对象是 1304 对母子。研究中的变量信息是通过母亲完成的重复问卷获得的，首先是在分娩前，然后是出生后不久，随后是分娩后大约 4、12、24 和 36 个月。曾经哮喘被定义为自出生以来任何时候医生诊断出的哮喘的母亲报告。当前哮喘被定义为在第六次调查时使用哮喘药物。

结果

Logistic 回归模型显示，无论是在怀孕前还是在怀孕期间，母亲主动吸烟与患哮喘或当前哮喘的风险无关。此外，未观察到产后与至少一名家庭吸烟者一起生活与哮喘风险之间存在关联。在母亲从不吸烟的儿童中，孕期在工作场所和/或家中暴露于母亲二手烟 (SHS) 会增加儿童患哮喘和当前哮喘的风险；曾经哮喘和当前哮喘的调整优势比（95% 置信区间）分别为 2.41 (1.13–5.05) 和 4.82 (1.68–13.43)。

结论

我们的研究结果表明，母亲在怀孕期间接触 SHS 可能与母亲从未吸烟的幼儿患哮喘和当前哮喘的风险增加有关。