The effects of CuO NPs and bulk Cu at 0–1000 mg L⁻¹ on the growth, photosynthesis and biochemical parameters were investigated in 30-day-old rice plants grown hydroponically. ICP-OES measurements showed that CuO NPs released ≤ 1 mg L⁻¹ of Cu²⁺ ions compared with ≤ 81 mg L⁻¹ by bulk Cu at their highest concentration. Both treatments showed that growth, photo-phosphorylation and carbon dioxide assimilation declined considerably. Bulk particles caused oxidative stress whereas NP showed no such effect. Electromicrographs showed that CuO NPs accumulated in chloroplasts resulting in destacking and distortions of thylakoid membranes while bulk Cu showed no such behaviour. Results suggest that NP affected the growth by accumulation in non-ionic form in chloroplasts causing damage to thylakoid membrane without oxidative damage, whereas the bulk Cu affected the growth by causing oxidative damage as a result of release of Cu²⁺ ions without affecting the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts.

研究了水培30天大的水稻植株中CuO NPs和0-1000 mg L ^-1的Cu含量对生长，光合作用和生化参数的影响。ICP-OES测量结果表明，纳米颗粒的CuO释放≤1毫克的L ^-1的Cu ²⁺离子与≤81毫克的L相比^-1以最高浓度散装铜。两种处理均表明生长，光磷酸化和二氧化碳同化显着下降。散装颗粒引起氧化应激，而NP显示没有这种作用。电镜显示，CuO NPs累积在叶绿体中，导致类囊体膜的脱堆和变形，而大块的Cu则没有这种行为。结果表明，NP通过在叶绿体中以非离子形式积累来影响生长，从而对类囊体膜造成破坏而没有氧化损伤，而大量的Cu通过释放Cu ²⁺离子而引起氧化破坏而影响生长，而不影响超微结构。叶绿体。