Abstract

In this study, changes in microstructure, hardness and wear performance of titanium–zirconium–molybdenum (TZM) alloys produced by mechanical alloying method with the addition of different amounts of titanium (Ti) were investigated. Mechanically alloyed powders were sintered at 1300 °C for 4 h under 10^–6 mbar vacuum environment. The produced alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM + EDS), X-ray diffraction, grain size distribution, hardness and density measurements. In the wear tests, three different loads and five different sliding distances were used. Results showed that the produced TZM alloys were porous, and the pores in the alloys containing 0.40% and 0.45% Ti were generally located on the grain boundaries. In alloys containing 0.50% Ti, inside the grain the pore sizes increase, while in the alloy containing 0.55% Ti, the pore sizes in grain boundary decrease. Grain size distribution results show that as the Ti content increased, the amount of grain size over 6 µm decreased and smaller than 6 µm increased. Hardness and density results show that while the hardness of TZM alloys produced increases depending on Ti content, their density decreases. The highest hardness was obtained in the TZM alloy containing 0.55% Ti, while the lowest density was obtained in the same alloy. Wear test results show that the lowest weight loss was obtained in TZM alloy containing the highest amount of Ti (0.55%) under all loads.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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Ti含量对机械合金化生产TZM合金组织和耐磨性能的影响

摘要

在这项研究中，研究了通过机械合金化方法添加不同量的钛（Ti）制成的钛-锆-钼（TZM）合金的组织，硬度和耐磨性能的变化。机械合金化的粉末在1300°C和10 ^–6下烧结4 h 毫巴真空环境。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM + EDS），X射线衍射，粒度分布，硬度和密度测量来表征所生产的合金。在磨损测试中，使用了三种不同的载荷和五种不同的滑动距离。结果表明，所生产的TZM合金是多孔的，并且Ti含量为0.40％和0.45％的合金中的孔通常位于晶界上。在含0.50％Ti的合金中，晶粒内部的孔径增大，而在含0.55％Ti的合金中，晶界的孔径减小。晶粒尺寸分布结果表明，随着Ti含量的增加，超过6 µm的晶粒尺寸减少，小于6 µm的晶粒尺寸增加。硬度和密度结果表明，虽然生成的TZM合金的硬度根据Ti含量而增加，但其密度却降低了。在含0.55％Ti的TZM合金中获得最高的硬度，而在相同合金中获得最低的密度。磨损测试结果表明，在所有载荷下，含最高量Ti（0.55％）的TZM合金的重量损失最低。

图形摘要