Recently, leaf rust and yellow rust caused by the fungi Puccinia triticina Erikss. and P. striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Eriks and Henn are diseases of increasing threat in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack, AABBRR, 2n = 6x = 42) growing areas. The use of genetic resistance is considered the most economical, effective and environmentally friendly method to control the disease and minimize the use of fungicides. Currently, breeding programs mainly relied on race-specific Lr and Yr genes (R), but new races of the rust fungi frequently defeat resistance. There is a small group of genes that causes partial type of resistance (PR) that are characterized by a slow epidemic build up despite a high infection type. In wheat slow rusting resistance genes displayed longer latent periods, low infection frequencies, smaller pustule size and less spore production. Slow rusting Lr46/Yr29 gene, located on chromosome 1B, is being exploited in many wheat breeding programs. So far, there is no information about slow rusting genes in triticale. This paper showed significant differences between the results of identification of wheat molecular markers Xwmc44 and csLV46G22 associated with Lr46/Yr29 in twenty triticale cultivars, which were characterized by high levels of field resistance to leaf and yellow rust. The csLV46G22res marker has been identified in the following cultivars: Kasyno, Mamut and Puzon. Belcanto and Kasyno showed the highest resistance levels in three-year (2016–2018), leaf and yellow rust severity tests under post-registration variety testing program (PDO). Leaf tip necrosis, a phenotypic trait associated with Lr34/Yr18 and Lr46/Yr29 was observed, among others, to Belcanto and Kasyno, which showed the highest resistance for leaf rust and yellow rust. Kasyno could be considered to have Lr46/Yr29 and can be used as a source of slow rust resistance in breeding and importantly as a component of gene pyramiding in triticale.

中文翻译：

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选定小黑麦 (× Triticosecale Wittmack) 品种中抗慢锈病 Lr46/Yr29 基因位点的分子鉴定。

最近，由真菌Puccinia triticina Erikss引起的叶锈病和黄锈病。和P. striiformis Westend f。sp。tritici Eriks 和 Henn 是小黑麦 ( × Triticosecale Wittmack, AABBRR, 2 n  = 6x = 42) 种植区威胁日益增加的疾病。使用遗传抗性被认为是控制疾病和尽量减少使用杀菌剂的最经济、有效和环境友好的方法。目前，育种计划主要依赖于特定种族的Lr和Yr基因（R），但锈菌的新种族经常会击败抗性。有一小组基因会导致部分类型的抗性（PR )，尽管感染类型很高，但其特征是缓慢流行。在小麦中，抗慢锈病基因表现出较长的潜伏期、较低的感染频率、较小的脓疱大小和较少的孢子产生。位于染色体 1B 上的慢生锈Lr46/Yr29基因正在许多小麦育种计划中被利用。到目前为止，还没有关于黑小麦中缓慢生锈基因的信息。本文显示，在20个小黑麦品种中，与Lr46/Yr29相关的小麦分子标记Xwmc44和csLV46G22的鉴定结果存在显着差异，其特点是对叶锈病和黄锈病具有高水平的田间抗性。这csLV46G22res标记已在以下栽培品种中鉴定：Kasyno、Mamut 和 Puzon。Belcanto 和 Kasyno 在注册后品种测试计划 (PDO) 下的三年（2016-2018 年）叶锈病和黄锈病严重性测试中显示出最高的抗性水平。叶尖坏死，一种与Lr34/Yr18和Lr46/Yr29相关的表型性状，在 Belcanto 和 Kasyno 中观察到，它们对叶锈病和黄锈病的抗性最高。Kasyno 可以被认为具有Lr46/Yr29并且可以用作育种中慢锈抗性的来源，并且重要的是作为黑小麦基因金字塔的组成部分。