Anethole (AN) is a natural compound that has attracted great scientific interest because of its numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, these effects were obtained with high doses of AN, which may be one limitation of its therapeutic use. This study evaluated the effects of a low-dose AN and ibuprofen (IB) combination on inflammatory parameters in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and arthritis-induced hepatic metabolic changes. Holtzman rats were used and divided into groups: normal, AIA (control), arthritics treated with IB, arthritics treated with AN, and arthritics treated with AN + IB. The volume of the paws, the appearance of secondary lesions, and the number of synovial leukocytes were evaluated. Gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis from alanine were determined in the rat liver in isolated perfusion. The AN + IB (62.5 + 8.75 mg/kg) treatment exerted an inhibitory effect on inflammatory parameters and partially prevented hepatic metabolic changes that was similar to the effect of high-dose IB (35 mg/kg) and AN (250 mg/kg) treatment. This effect of the treatments on hepatic metabolism can be, partly at least, explained by the preservation of both the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox potential in the liver. Taken together, the data obtained provided evidence that the AN + IB combination at lower doses than AN and IB treatment alone had beneficial inhibitory potential for the treatment of AIA and attenuated metabolic changes in the liver. Graphical Abstract.

中文翻译：

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低剂量茴香脑和布洛芬组合的抗炎作用可部分预防关节炎大鼠的肝脏代谢变化。

茴香脑（AN）是一种天然化合物，由于其多种生物活性（包括抗炎作用）而引起了广泛的科学兴趣。但是，这些效果是通过高剂量的AN获得的，这可能是其治疗用途的局限性。这项研究评估了低剂量AN和布洛芬（IB）组合对弗氏完全佐剂诱导的关节炎（AIA）和关节炎引起的肝代谢变化中炎症参数的影响。使用Holtzman大鼠，将其分为两组：正常组，AIA（对照），IB治疗的关节炎，AN治疗的关节炎和AN + IB治疗的关节炎。评估爪的体积，继发性病变的出现以及滑膜白细胞的数量。在分离的灌注中，在大鼠肝脏中测定了丙氨酸的糖异生和脲生成。AN + IB（62.5 + 8.75 mg / kg）处理对炎症参数产生抑制作用，并部分阻止了肝代谢变化，这与大剂量IB（35 mg / kg）和AN（250 mg / kg）的作用相似）治疗。这种治疗对肝脏代谢的作用至少可以部分通过丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活性和肝脏中胞质NADH / NAD +氧化还原电位的保留来解释。综上所述，获得的数据提供了证据，即与单独的AN和IB治疗相比，较低剂量的AN + IB组合对AIA的治疗具有有益的抑制潜力，并能减轻肝脏的代谢变化。图形概要。75 mg / kg）的治疗对炎症参数产生抑制作用，部分阻止了肝代谢变化，这与大剂量IB（35 mg / kg）和AN（250 mg / kg）的治疗相似。这种治疗对肝脏代谢的作用至少可以部分通过丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活性和肝脏中胞质NADH / NAD +氧化还原电位的保留来解释。综上所述，获得的数据提供了证据，即与单独的AN和IB治疗相比，较低剂量的AN + IB组合对AIA的治疗具有有益的抑制潜力，并能减轻肝脏的代谢变化。图形概要。75 mg / kg）的治疗对炎症参数产生抑制作用，部分阻止了肝代谢变化，这与大剂量IB（35 mg / kg）和AN（250 mg / kg）的治疗相似。这种治疗对肝脏代谢的作用至少可以部分通过丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活性和肝脏中胞质NADH / NAD +氧化还原电位的保留来解释。综上所述，获得的数据提供了证据，即与单独的AN和IB治疗相比，较低剂量的AN + IB组合对AIA的治疗具有有益的抑制潜力，并能减轻肝脏的代谢变化。图形概要。