This paper proposes anti-windup proportional integral controller to deal with generation rate constraint problem during a frequency load control. An interconnected two-area power system is used by considering nonlinear constraints for thermal and hydro units combined with dish-Stirling solar thermal system (DSTS) in the first area, the nuclear power plant in the second area, and HVDC link in both areas. The imperialist competitive algorithm was used for optimal adjustment of parameters of the proposed controller. Simulations are performed in different scenarios. The proposed control scheme is compared with conventional PI controller; the effect of the presence of DSTS and HVDC link is investigated, and finally the robustness of the proposed controller against uncertain load is studied. The comparisons are made by using various performance factors of the system response such as overshoot, settling time and rise time. The results show a significant improvement in the system response and reduction in oscillation frequency of the areas and the power of the tie-line.

中文翻译：

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结合核电站DSTS和HVDC链路的非线性电力系统LFC抗饱和PI控制器设计

本文提出了抗饱和比例积分控制器来处理频率负载控制期间的发电率约束问题。考虑到热力和水力机组的非线性约束，结合第一区域的碟式斯特林太阳能热系统 (DSTS)、第二区域的核电站和两个区域的 HVDC 链路，使用互连的双区域电力系统。帝国主义竞争算法用于优化调整所提出的控制器的参数。模拟在不同的场景中进行。所提出的控制方案与传统的 PI 控制器进行了比较；研究了存在 DSTS 和 HVDC 链路的影响，最后研究了所提出的控制器对不确定负载的鲁棒性。通过使用系统响应的各种性能因素（例如过冲、稳定时间和上升时间）进行比较。结果表明，系统响应显着改善，区域振荡频率和联络线功率降低。