Key message The adoption of new silvicultural methods and approaches requires an understanding of the differences between those and “old” or “conventional” approaches, along with extensive training to break previous knowledge bias. Context Forestry is in transition towards ecosystem-based management, and new silvicultural approaches are appearing worldwide. However, the adoption of an alternative silvicultural approach is difficult in practice. Aims We analyzed the effect of forestry background and demographic variables (gender and age) of 24 raters on the application of the systemic approach (SA) and the conventional approach (CA) in the Northern Apennines (Italy) and compared this with tree marking performed by experts. Methods Data were analyzed as raters’ departures from experts’ selections at the stand and the individual tree level. The probability of tree selection was also calculated. Results At the stand level, raters with forestry background performed the SA as if they were marking for crown thinning, whereas the CA was less intense than experts’ crown thinning. Non-foresters differentiated poorly between the SA and the CA. At the individual tree level, background and gender affected tree selection. Conclusion The adoption of the SA as a silvicultural system may be conditioned by previous knowledge. The difference between SA and CA remains unclear when it comes to non-foresters. Gender was a more important variable than age in selecting which trees would be harvested.

中文翻译：

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在地中海森林中采用新的造林方法：教育背景和社会人口因素对标记决定的影响

关键信息 采用新的造林方法和方法需要了解这些方法和“旧”或“传统”方法之间的差异，同时进行广泛的培训以打破先前的知识偏见。背景林业正在向基于生态系统的管理过渡，新的造林方法正在世界范围内出现。然而，在实践中采用替代的造林方法是困难的。目的 我们分析了 24 名评估者的林业背景和人口统计变量（性别和年龄）对北亚平宁山脉（意大利）应用系统方法 (SA) 和传统方法 (CA) 的影响，并将其与执行的树木标记进行比较由专家。方法 数据被分析为评估者偏离专家在林分和个体树级别的选择。还计算了树木选择的概率。结果 在林分层面，具有林业背景的评估者执行 SA 就好像他们在标记树冠间伐一样，而 CA 没有专家的树冠间伐那么强烈。非林务员在 SA 和 CA 之间的差别很小。在个体树级别，背景和性别会影响树的选择。结论 采用 SA 作为造林系统可能取决于先前的知识。对于非林务员，SA 和 CA 之间的区别仍不清楚。在选择采伐哪些树木时，性别是比年龄更重要的变量。而CA的强度不如专家的牙冠变薄。非林务员在 SA 和 CA 之间的差别很小。在个体树级别，背景和性别会影响树的选择。结论 采用 SA 作为造林系统可能取决于先前的知识。对于非林务员，SA 和 CA 之间的区别仍不清楚。在选择采伐哪些树木时，性别是比年龄更重要的变量。而CA的强度不如专家的牙冠变薄。非林务员在 SA 和 CA 之间的差别很小。在个体树级别，背景和性别会影响树的选择。结论 采用 SA 作为造林系统可能取决于先前的知识。对于非林务员，SA 和 CA 之间的区别仍不清楚。在选择采伐哪些树木时，性别是比年龄更重要的变量。