Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) is a disruptive innovation which is able to overcome the rate-distance limit of QKD without trusted relays. Since the proposal of the first TF-QKD protocol, theoretical and experimental breakthroughs have been made to enhance its ability. However, there still exist some practical issues waiting for settlement. In this paper, we examine the performances of asymmetric TF-QKD protocol with unstable light sources and limited data sizes. The statistical fluctuations of the parameters are estimated employing Azuma’s inequality. Through numerical simulations, we compare the secret key rates of the asymmetric TF-QKD protocol with different data sizes and variant intensity fluctuation magnitudes. Our results demonstrate that both statistical and intensity fluctuations have significant impacts on the performance of asymmetric TF-QKD.

中文翻译：

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具有统计和强度波动的非对称双场量子密钥分布

双场量子密钥分发（TF-QKD）是一项突破性的创新，无需信任中继即可克服QKD的速率距离限制。自从提出第一个TF-QKD协议以来，已经在理论和实验上取得了突破，以增强其功能。但是，仍有一些实际问题需要解决。在本文中，我们研究了具有不稳定光源和有限数据大小的非对称TF-QKD协议的性能。使用Azuma不等式估计参数的统计波动。通过数值模拟，我们比较了不对称TF-QKD协议具有不同数据大小和不同强度波动幅度的秘密密钥率。