BACKGROUND After Action Reviews (AAR) with a One Health perspective were performed in Slovenia, Italy, Serbia and Greece following a severe West Nile virus (WNV) transmission season in 2018. A protocol combining traditional techniques and organizational process analysis was developed and then implemented in each country. RESULTS In 2018, response to the unusually intense transmission season of WNV in Slovenia, Italy, Serbia and Greece took place through routine response mechanisms. None of the four countries declared a national or subnational emergency. We found a very strong consensus on the strengths identified in responding to this event. All countries indicated the availability of One Health Plans for surveillance and response; very high laboratory diagnostic capacity in the human, veterinary and entomology sectors and strong inter-sectoral collaboration with strong commitment of engaged institutions as critical in the management of the event. Finally, countries implementing One Health surveillance for WNV (in terms of early warning and early activation of prevention measures) consistently reported a positive impact on their activities, in particular when combining mosquito and bird surveillance with surveillance of cases in humans and equids. Recurring priority areas for improvement included: increasing knowledge on vector-control measures, ensuring the sustainability of vector monitoring and surveillance, and improving capacity to manage media pressure. CONCLUSIONS The AARs presented here demonstrate the benefit of cross-sectoral and cross-disciplinary approaches to preparedness for West Nile virus outbreaks in Europe. In the coming years, priorities include fostering and strengthening arrangements that: enable coordinated One Health surveillance and response during WNV transmission seasons; ensure adequate laboratory capacities; strengthen risk communication; and fund longer-term research to address the knowledge gaps identified in this study.

中文翻译：

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欧洲的西尼罗河病毒：在对意大利，斯洛文尼亚，塞尔维亚和希腊的2018年传播季节的准备情况和应对措施进行行动审查之后。

背景技术在2018年发生严重的西尼罗河病毒（WNV）传播季节之后，在斯洛文尼亚，意大利，塞尔维亚和希腊进行了具有“单一健康”观点的行动评估（AAR）。制定并实施了结合传统技术和组织过程分析的协议在每个国家。结果2018年，通过常规应对机制应对了斯洛文尼亚，意大利，塞尔维亚和希腊对WNV异常强烈的传播季节的反应。四个国家均未宣布发生国家或地区以下紧急情况。我们在响应此事件中发现的优势方面达成了非常强烈的共识。所有国家都表示有一项《卫生计划》可供监测和应对；人体具有很高的实验室诊断能力，兽医和昆虫学部门以及强有力的部门间合作，参与机构的强烈承诺对事件的管理至关重要。最后，对WNV实施一次健康监测的国家（就预警和早期采取预防措施而言）一直对其活动产生积极影响，特别是在将蚊虫和鸟类监测与对人和马匹病例的监测相结合时。经常出现的优先改进领域包括：增加对病媒控制措施的了解，确保病媒监测和监视的可持续性，以及提高管理媒体压力的能力。结论此处介绍的AAR证明了跨部门和跨学科的方法为欧洲西尼罗河病毒爆发做好准备的好处。在未来几年中，优先事项包括鼓励和加强安排，以：在WNV传播季节实现对“一个健康”的协调监测和响应；确保足够的实验室能力；加强风险沟通；并资助长期研究以弥补本研究中发现的知识空白。