Although bioethanol production has been gaining worldwide attention as an alternative to fossil fuel, ethanol productivities and yields are still limited due to the susceptibility of fermentation microorganisms to various stress and inhibitory substances. There is therefore an unmet need to search for multi-stress-tolerant organisms to improve ethanol productivity and reduce production cost, particularly when lignocellulosic hydrolysates are used as the feedstock. Here, we have characterized a previously isolated Pichia kudriavzevii LC375240 strain which is thermotolerant to high temperatures of 37 °C and 42 °C. More excitingly, growth and ethanol productivity of this strain exhibit strong tolerance to multiple stresses such as acetic acid, furfural, formic acid, H2O2 and high concentration of ethanol at 42 °C. In addition, simple immobilization of LC375240 on corncobs resulted to a more stable and higher efficient ethanol production for successive four cycles of repeated batch fermentation at 42 °C. The feature of being thermotolerant and multi-stress-tolerant is unique to P. kudriavzevii LC375240 and makes it a good candidate for second-generation bioethanol fermentation as well as for investigating the molecular basis underlying the robust stress tolerance. Immobilization of P. kudriavzevii LC375240 on corncobs is another option for cheap and high ethanol productivity.

中文翻译：

---

各种抑制物质和固定化对耐热毕赤酵母乙醇生产效率的影响。

尽管生物乙醇生产作为化石燃料的替代品而受到全世界的关注，但由于发酵微生物对各种压力和抑制物质的敏感性，乙醇的生产率和产量仍然有限。因此，需要寻找耐多胁迫的生物以提高乙醇生产率并降低生产成本，特别是当木质纤维素水解物用作原料时。在这里，我们已经表征了先前分离的 Pichia kudriavzevii LC375240 菌株，它对 37°C 和 42°C 的高温具有耐热性。更令人兴奋的是，该菌株的生长和乙醇生产能力在 42 °C 下对多种压力（如乙酸、糠醛、甲酸、H2O2 和高浓度乙醇）具有很强的耐受性。此外，将 LC375240 简单固定在玉米芯上，可在 42 °C 下连续四个循环的重复分批发酵中产生更稳定和更高效的乙醇生产。P. kudriavzevii LC375240 特有的耐热和多胁迫耐受特性，使其成为第二代生物乙醇发酵的良好候选者，以及研究强大的胁迫耐受性背后的分子基础。将 P. kudriavzevii LC375240 固定在玉米芯上是另一种廉价且高乙醇生产率的选择。kudriavzevii LC375240 使其成为第二代生物乙醇发酵以及研究强抗逆性的分子基础的良好候选者。将 P. kudriavzevii LC375240 固定在玉米芯上是另一种廉价且高乙醇生产率的选择。kudriavzevii LC375240 使其成为第二代生物乙醇发酵以及研究强抗逆性的分子基础的良好候选者。将 P. kudriavzevii LC375240 固定在玉米芯上是另一种廉价且高乙醇生产率的选择。