Panonychus citri (McGregor) is the most common pest in citrus-producing regions. Special low-toxicity acaricides, such as spirocyclic tetronic acids and mite growth inhibitors, have been used for a long time in China. However, pesticide resistance in mites is a growing problem due to the lack of new acaricide development. Wide-spectrum insecticides, such as amitraz have gained acceptance among fruit growers. An amitraz-resistant strain of P. citri was obtained by indoor screening to examine field resistance monitoring of mites to acaricides and to explore the resistant mechanism of mites against amitraz. The amitraz-resistant strain of P. citri had an LC50 value of 2361.45 mg l−1. The resistance ratio was 81.35 times higher in the resistant strain of P. citri compared with the sensitive strain. Crossing experiments between the sensitive and resistant strains of P. citri were conducted, resulting in a D value of 0.11 for F1 SS♀×RS♂ and 0.06 for F1 RS♀×SS♂. Reciprocal cross experiments showed that the dose–mortality curves for the F1 generations coincided, indicating that the resistance trait was not affected by cytoplasmic inheritance. The dose–expected response relationship was evaluated in the backcross generation and a significant difference was observed compared with the actual value. The above results indicate that the inheritance of resistance trait was incompletely dominant, governed by polygenes on the chromosome. Synergism studies demonstrated that cytochrome P450s and esterase may play important roles in the detoxification of amitraz. Based on differential gene analysis, 23 metabolism-related genes of P. citri were identified, consistent with the results of synergism studies. Real-time PCR verification implied that P450s, ABC transporters, and acetylcholinesterase might influence the detoxification of amitraz by P. citri. These results provide the genetic and molecular foundation for the management of pest mite resistance.

中文翻译：

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一株抗双甲脒的柑橘全爪螨解毒相关基因的遗传分析与筛选

柑橘全爪螨(McGregor) 是柑橘产区最常见的害虫。特殊的低毒杀螨剂，如螺环特酮酸、螨生长抑制剂等，在我国已有很长时间的使用。然而，由于缺乏新的杀螨剂开发，螨虫对农药的抗药性是一个日益严重的问题。广谱杀虫剂，如双甲脒，已获得果农的认可。抗双甲脒菌株P. citri通过室内筛选获得螨虫对杀螨剂的现场抗性监测，并探索螨虫对双甲脒的抗性机制。抗双甲脒菌株P. citri有一个信用证50值为 2361.45 毫克/升-1. 抗性菌株的抗性比为81.35倍P. citri与敏感菌株相比。敏感菌株和耐药菌株之间的交叉实验P. citri进行了，导致DF 值为 0.111 SS♀×RS♂F 为 0.061 RS♀×SS♂. 相互交叉实验表明，F1代的剂量-死亡率曲线一致，表明抗性性状不受细胞质遗传的影响。在回交生成中评估了剂量-预期反应关系，与实际值相比，观察到了显着差异。上述结果表明，抗性性状的遗传是不完全显性的，受染色体上的多基因控制。协同作用研究表明，细胞色素 P450s 和酯酶可能在双甲脒的解毒中起重要作用。基于差异基因分析，23个代谢相关基因P. citri被确定，与协同作用研究的结果一致。实时 PCR 验证表明 P450、ABC 转运蛋白和乙酰胆碱酯酶可能通过以下方式影响双甲脒的解毒P. citri. 这些结果为害螨抗性管理提供了遗传和分子基础。