ABSTRACT In the nations which have nuclear facilities, the precautionary urgent protective action based on the emergency action levels (EALs) is adopted for the decision-making in the early phase of nuclear disaster in line with the strategy introduced in the Safety Standards of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In this phase, the decision-makers are forced to make choices from the evacuation or the sheltering-in-place as more effective action to reduce the radiation risk of nearby residents, reading situations by EALs. In most cases, the procedure to select these two actions is monotonously set across the whole of region in those nations. Therefore, we developed the decision-making method which can reflect the accident scenarios and the regional characteristics such as population and geographic aspects in evaluating the risk of the exposure during evacuation. The method consists of two procedures; the procedure to evaluate the containment vessel (CV) failure time and the evacuation time , and the procedure to determine the time allowance from EALs, and . We confirmed the rational treatments of uncertainties on the time allowance which deduced by integrating the severe accident analysis and the evacuation time estimate. We also found the effectiveness of this method by applying it to two sample areas.

中文翻译：

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核灾害初期居民防护行动决策研究

摘要 在拥有核设施的国家，根据《国际原子能安全标准》中引入的战略，在核灾难早期阶段的决策中采用基于紧急行动等级（EAL）的预防性紧急防护行动。能源署 (IAEA)。在这个阶段，决策者被迫从疏散或就地避难中做出选择，作为降低附近居民辐射风险的更有效行动，通过 EAL 阅读情况。在大多数情况下，选择这两个行动的程序是在这些国家的整个地区单调设定的。所以，我们开发了能够反映事故场景和区域特征（例如人口和地理方面）的决策方法，用于评估疏散过程中的暴露风险。该方法由两个程序组成；评估安全壳 (CV) 故障时间和疏散时间的程序，以及确定 EAL 时间裕量的程序，以及 . 结合严重事故分析和疏散时间估算，确定了对时间裕度不确定性的合理处理。我们还通过将其应用于两个样本区域来发现该方法的有效性。以及从 EAL 确定时间允许的程序，以及 . 结合严重事故分析和疏散时间估算，确定了对时间裕度不确定性的合理处理。我们还通过将其应用于两个样本区域来发现该方法的有效性。以及从 EAL 确定时间允许的程序，以及 . 结合严重事故分析和疏散时间估算，确定了对时间裕度不确定性的合理处理。我们还通过将其应用于两个样本区域来发现该方法的有效性。