ABSTRACT Pastoral systems based on grazing itineraries are very common along the Mediterranean region and provide an opportunity to manage the fuel load and reduce fire risk in the ecosystem. Daily and seasonal movements of flocks bring on different grazing pressure (GP) (sheep ha−1) over the landscape. This study presents an approach to model sheep GP under a Mediterranean pastoral system in the Northeast of Portugal. The GP in a given location depends on the distance from the stable to the parish border, the distance to the stable, the heads of livestock and their preference for land use and cover (LUC). The geoprocessing we applied in this study integrated several spatial databases: the latest official Portuguese vector mapping of land use and cover (COS2015) and administrative boundaries (CAOP2018), the livestock stables location, and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Images. During the geoprocessing, the stocking density (SD) (sheep ha−1) were calculated and spatially interpolated. Homogeneous LUC units (permanent crops; annual crops; forest; shrubland; grassland; water bodies) were obtained by Random Forest supervised classification algorithm (kappa = 89.3%; global accuracy = 91.2%). Boolean overlapping of the LUC classes obtained by the supervised classifier with the mask created from COS2015 provides the potentially grazed LUC classes. Integrating LUC preferences with SD allows calculating and mapping the GP. The most common GP class is 0–0.25 sheep ha−1. Seeing the GP per LUC class, a value of 1.84 sheep ha−1 was found in permanent crops, 1.73 in annual crops, and 1.25 in grassland, 0.88 in grazed forests and 0.84 in shrublands. The GP modelling and mapping could assist in the implementation of herding programmes aimed at reducing fire hazards at a parish or at a regional scale.

中文翻译：

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一种利用地理信息系统和遥感量化地中海牧区系统下放牧压力的新方法

摘要 基于放牧路线的牧区系统在地中海地区非常普遍，为管理燃料负荷和降低生态系统中的火灾风险提供了机会。羊群的日常和季节性运动给景观带来不同的放牧压力 (GP) (绵羊 ha−1)。本研究提出了一种在葡萄牙东北部地中海牧区系统下模拟绵羊 GP 的方法。给定位置的 GP 取决于从马厩到教区边界的距离、到马厩的距离、牲畜的头数以及他们对土地利用和覆盖 (LUC) 的偏好。我们在本研究中应用的地理处理集成了多个空间数据库：最新的官方葡萄牙土地利用和覆盖矢量地图 (COS2015) 和行政边界 (CAOP2018)、牲畜圈的位置、和 Sentinel-2 多光谱图像。在地理处理过程中，计算了放养密度 (SD)（绵羊 ha-1）并进行了空间插值。均质 LUC 单位（多年生作物；一年生作物；森林；灌木丛；草地；水体）通过随机森林监督分类算法获得（kappa = 89.3%；全局准确度 = 91.2%）。由监督分类器获得的 LUC 类与从 COS2015 创建的掩码的布尔重叠提供了潜在的掠过 LUC 类。将 LUC 首选项与 SD 集成允许计算和映射 GP。最常见的 GP 等级是 0-0.25 只羊 ha-1。查看每个 LUC 类别的 GP，在永久性作物中发现绵羊 ha−1 的值为 1.84，一年生作物中为 1.73，草地中为 1.25，放牧林中为 0.88，灌木地中为 0.84。