Although nearly half of all Magnolia species are threatened globally, human-assisted movement and cultivation of some species has led to their escape within non-indigenous ecosystems. The ongoing naturalization of select Magnolia taxa has been associated with climate change and variously characterized as assisted-migration, range shift/expansion, or biological invasion. This study documented recruitment patterns in space and time for two species of introduced ‘umbrella’ magnolias, which have become increasingly prolific in New England. A census was conducted that identified a total of 388 Magnolia macrophylla (SE US.) and M. obovata (Japan) individuals that escaped from cultivation and colonized an adjacent oak forest. Seedling recruitment occurred rapidly in response to forest disturbance, and mean tree age was significantly different as a function of three discrete disturbance events. M. obovata was a more successful colonizer overall, yielding more individuals (326 vs. 62), and recruiting further (90% quantile = 388 ± 91 vs. 228 ± 44 m) than M. macrophylla, given founding populations that were of identical size (n = 3) and similar age. This study represents the first documented escape of M. obovata in North America, while M. macrophylla has been documented elsewhere in New England and linked to increased temperature and precipitation patterns.

尽管几乎所有木兰物种中有近一半受到全球威胁，但人类协助的移动和某些物种的种植已导致其在非本土生态系统中的逃逸。精选木兰类群的持续归化与气候变化有关，并具有各种特征，如辅助迁移，范围转移/扩展或生物入侵。这项研究记录了两种引进的“雨伞”木兰在空间和时间上的招募模式，在新英格兰，这种木兰变得越来越多产。进行了一次普查，发现总共388株大叶木兰（SE US。）和小叶莫拉氏菌（M. obovata）（日本）逃避耕种并在邻近的橡树林中定居的人。响应森林干扰，幼苗募集迅速发生，并且平均树龄显着不同，这是三个离散干扰事件的函数。总体而言，长叶分枝杆菌是更成功的定居者，产生了更多的个体（326比62），并且与大叶分枝杆菌相比，招募了更多的人（90％的分位数= 388±91 vs. 228±44 m），前提是建立的种群相同大小（n = 3）和相似的年龄。这项研究代表了北美地区最早发现的长叶隐孢子虫的逃逸，而新英格兰其他地方的大叶隐孢子虫也有记载，并且与温度升高和降水模式有关。