This paper presents a model, based on potential curves, that describes the behaviour of the inverse of the daily cumulated frequency of the flows provided to a District Metered Area (DMA). The model has two terms, the first corresponds to the variable consumption due to the aggregation of demand patterns of consumers. The evolution of this term presents periodic behaviours with annual and weekly frequency. An extreme drought episode that affected Catalunya, reduced this parameter 19%. A second term presents exponential behaviour in its evolution and includes the real leakage. The leakage disaggregation together with the billing information allows the estimation of the apparent loses, 14.89% in the case study. The difficulty of estimating the parameters in a potential model, a complex problem of optimization, is simplified by applying mathematical moments. Hence, daily parameters become a linear relation of the daily moments that allows their algebraic operation.

本文提出了一种基于电势曲线的模型，该模型描述了提供给区域计量区域（DMA）的流量每日累积频率的倒数的行为。该模型有两个术语，第一个对应于由于消费者需求模式的聚集而产生的可变消费。该术语的演变呈现出具有每年和每周频率的周期性行为。影响加泰罗尼亚的极端干旱事件使该参数降低了19％。第二项表示演化过程中的指数行为，包括实际泄漏。泄漏分类与计费信息一起可以估算表观损失，在案例研究中为14.89％。估算潜在模型中参数的难度，优化的复杂问题，通过应用数学矩来简化。因此，日参数成为日矩的线性关系，从而可以进行代数运算。