The wild currant tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium inhabits a wide range of abiotic habitats across its native range of Ecuador and Peru. Although it has served as a key genetic resource for the improvement of domestic cultivars, little is known about the genetic basis of traits underlying local adaptation in this species, nor what abiotic variables are most important for driving differentiation. Here we use redundancy analysis (RDA) and other multivariate statistical methods (structural equation modelling [SEM] and generalized dissimilarity modelling [GDM]) to quantify the relationship of genomic variation (6,830 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) with climate and geography, among 140 wild accessions. RDA, SEM and GDM each identified environment as explaining more genomic variation than geography, suggesting that local adaptation to heterogeneous abiotic habitats may be an important source of genetic diversity in this species. Environmental factors describing temporal variation in precipitation and evaporative demand explained the most SNP variation among accessions, indicating that these forces may represent key selective agents. Lastly, by studying how SNP–environment associations vary throughout the genome (44,064 SNPs), we mapped the location and investigated the functions of loci putatively contributing to climatic adaptations. Together, our findings indicate an important role for selection imposed by the abiotic environment in driving genomic differentiation between populations.

中文翻译：

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非生物环境中的区域差异导致野生番茄物种内的基因组差异。

野生醋栗番茄茄在厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的原始范围内栖息着各种各样的非生物栖息地。尽管它已成为改善国内品种的关键遗传资源，但对该物种的局部适应性基础的性状的遗传基础知之甚少，非生物变量对驱动分化最重要。在这里，我们使用冗余分析（RDA）和其他多元统计方法（结构方程模型[SEM]和广义相异模型[GDM]）来量化基因组变异（6,830个单核苷酸多态性[SNP]）与气候和地理之间的关系140个野生种。RDA，SEM和GDM各自认为环境可以解释比地理环境更多的基因组变异，这表明，对异质非生物栖息地的局部适应可能是该物种遗传多样性的重要来源。描述降水和蒸发需求随时间变化的环境因素解释了种质之间最大的SNP变化，表明这些力可能代表了关键的选择因子。最后，通过研究整个基因组（44,064个SNP）中SNP与环境的关联如何变化，我们绘制了位置图并调查了可能促进气候适应的基因座功能。总之，我们的发现表明非生物环境在驱动种群之间的基因组分化中进行选择的重要作用。描述降水和蒸发需求随时间变化的环境因素解释了种质之间最大的SNP变化，表明这些力可能代表了关键的选择因子。最后，通过研究整个基因组（44,064个SNP）中SNP与环境的关联如何变化，我们绘制了位置图并调查了可能促进气候适应的基因座功能。总之，我们的发现表明非生物环境在驱动种群之间的基因组分化中进行选择的重要作用。描述降水和蒸发需求随时间变化的环境因素解释了种质之间最大的SNP变化，表明这些力可能代表了关键的选择因子。最后，通过研究整个基因组（44,064个SNP）中SNP与环境的关联如何变化，我们绘制了位置图并调查了可能促进气候适应的基因座功能。总之，我们的发现表明非生物环境在驱动种群之间的基因组分化中进行选择的重要作用。