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Molecular systematics reveals the origins of subsociality in tortoise beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)
Systematic Entomology ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.1111/syen.12434
Michele Leocádio 1, 2 , Marianna V. P. Simões 3 , Lukas Sekerka 4 , Carlos G. Schrago 1, 5 , José R. M. Mermudes 1, 2 , Donald M. Windsor 6
Affiliation  

Subsocial behaviour is known to occur in at least 19 insect orders and 17 families of Coleoptera. Within the leaf beetle family, Chrysomelidae, extended maternal care is reported in only 2 of 15 subfamilies: Cassidinae and Chrysomelinae. Although the emergence of subsociality in insects has received much attention, extensive analyses on the evolution of this behaviour based on phylogenetic approaches are missing. Subsociality is recorded in 33 species of tortoise beetles belonging to the tribes Mesomphaliini and Eugenysini. A molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of these tribes and the remaining five Neotropical tribes of cassidine tortoise beetles was used to investigate the evolution of maternal care and to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among Neotropical cassidine tribes. A phylogeny was constructed using 90 species and three loci from both mitochondrial and nuclear genes (COI, CAD and 28S). Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses based on a concatenated dataset recovered two independent origins, with no evidence of reversal to solitary behaviour. One origin comprises three Mesomphaliini genera tightly associated with Convolvulaceae, and the other consists of the genus Eugenysa Chevrolat (Eugenysini), a small clade embedded within a group feeding exclusively on Asteraceae. A previous hypothesis suggesting dual origins on different host plants was confirmed, whereas other hypotheses based on a phylogenetic reconstruction of Cassidinae could not be sustained. Our analysis also revealed that the tribe Mesomphaliini is a monophyletic taxon if Eugenysini is included, and for this reason, we re‐establish synonymy of both tribes. We also provide nine new records of subsociality for tortoise beetles species.

中文翻译:

分子系统学揭示了龟甲虫亚社会性的起源(鞘翅目、Chrysomelidae、Cassidinae)

已知亚社会行为发生在至少 19 个昆虫目和 17 个鞘翅目科。在叶甲虫科 Chrysomelidae 中,仅在 15 个亚科中的 2 个报告了延长母体护理:Cassidinae 和 Chrysomelinae。尽管昆虫亚社会性的出现受到了很多关注,但缺乏基于系统发育方法对这种行为进化的广泛分析。亚社会性记录在属于 Mesomphaliini 和 Eugenysini 部落的 33 种龟甲虫中。对这些部落和其余五个新热带地区的卡西丁龟甲虫进行分子系统发育重建,用于研究母体护理的演变并阐明新热带卡西丁部落之间的系统发育关系。系统发育使用来自线粒体和核基因(COI、CAD 和 28S)的 90 个物种和三个基因座构建。基于串联数据集的贝叶斯推理和最大似然分析恢复了两个独立的起源,没有证据表明会逆转孤独行为。一个起源包括三个与旋花科紧密相关的 Mesomphaliini 属,另一个由 Eugenysa Chevrolat (Eugenysini) 属组成,这是一个小进化枝,嵌入一个专门以菊科为食的群体中。先前提出的不同寄主植物双重起源的假设得到证实,而其他基于 Cassidinae 系统发育重建的假设无法维持。我们的分析还表明,如果包括 Eugenysini,Mesomphaliini 部落是一个单系分类群,因此,我们重新建立了两个部落的同义词。我们还为龟甲虫物种提供了九个亚社会性的新记录。
更新日期:2020-05-18
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