A Self‐contained Two‐electrode Nanosensor for Electrochemical Analysis in Aqueous Microenvironments,Electroanalysis

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A Self‐contained Two‐electrode Nanosensor for Electrochemical Analysis in Aqueous Microenvironments
Electroanalysis ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900672
Olivia V. Scheibel ₁ , Michael G. Schrlau ₁

Affiliation

We describe the development, fabrication, and characterization of a novel two‐electrode nanosensor contained within the tip of a needle‐like probe. This sensor consists of two, vertically aligned, carbon structures which function as individual electrodes. One of the carbon structures was modified by silver electrodeposition and chlorination to enable it to function as a pseudo‐reference electrode. Performance of this pseudo‐reference electrode was found to be comparable to that of commercially available Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. The unmodified carbon structure was employed as a working electrode versus the silver‐plated carbon structure to form a two‐electrode sensor capable of characterizing redox‐active analytes. The nanosensor was demonstrated to be capable of electrochemically characterizing the redox behavior of para‐aminophenol (PAP) in both bulk solutions and microenvironments. PAP was also measured in cell lysate to show that the nanosensor can detect small concentrations of analyte in heterogenous environments. As the working and reference electrodes are contained within a single nanoprobe, there was no requirement to position external electrodes within the electrochemical cell enabling analysis within very small domains. Due to the low‐cost manufacturing process, this nanoprobe has the potential to become a unique and widely accessible tool for the electrochemical characterization of microenvironments.

中文翻译：

用于水微环境中电化学分析的独立式两电极纳米传感器

我们描述了包含在针状探针尖端中的新型两电极纳米传感器的开发，制造和表征。该传感器由两个垂直排列的碳结构组成，这些碳结构充当单独的电极。碳结构之一通过银电沉积和氯化进行了修饰，使其能够用作伪参比电极。发现该伪参比电极的性能可与市售的Ag / AgCl参比电极相比。与镀银碳结构相比，未经修饰的碳结构被用作工作电极，从而形成了能够表征氧化还原活性分析物的两电极传感器。纳米传感器被证明能够电化学表征氧化还原行为批量溶液和微环境中的对氨基苯酚（PAP）。还对细胞裂解液中的PAP进行了测量，以表明纳米传感器可以在异质环境中检测到少量浓度的分析物。由于工作电极和参比电极都包含在单个纳米探针中，因此不需要将外部电极放置在电化学电池内，从而可以在很小的范围内进行分析。由于成本低廉的制造工艺，这种纳米探针有潜力成为微环境电化学表征的独特且可广泛使用的工具。

更新日期：2020-05-18

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