Small coastal streams-Critical reservoirs of genetic diversity for trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the face of increasing anthropogenic stressors.,Ecology and Evolution

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Small coastal streams-Critical reservoirs of genetic diversity for trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the face of increasing anthropogenic stressors.
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-17 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6306
R Andrew King ₁ , Bruce Stockley ₂ , Jamie R Stevens ₁

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We used microsatellite markers to investigate levels and structuring of genetic diversity in trout (Salmo trutta L.) sampled from 16 rivers along the south coast of Cornwall in southwest England. This region is characterized by many small coastal streams with a few larger catchments. At a regional level, genetic structuring of contemporary populations has been influenced by a combination of events, including the last Ice Age and also more recent human activities over the last millennium. All populations are shown to have gone through strong genetic bottlenecks, coinciding with increased exploitation of mineral resources within catchments, beginning during the Medieval period. At more local levels, contemporary human‐induced habitat fragmentation, such as weir and culvert construction, has disproportionally affected trout populations in the smaller catchments within the study area. However, where small catchments are relatively unaffected by such activities, they can host trout populations with diversity levels comparable to those found in larger rivers in the region. We also predict significant future loses of diversity and heterozygosity in the trout populations inhabiting small, isolated catchments. Our study highlights how multiple factors, especially the activity of humans, have and continue to affect the levels and structuring of genetic diversity in trout over long timescales.

中文翻译：

沿海小溪流——面对日益增加的人为压力，鳟鱼（Salmo trutta L.）遗传多样性的关键库。

我们使用微卫星标记来研究从英格兰西南部康沃尔郡南海岸沿线 16 条河流采集的鳟鱼 ( Salmo trutta L.) 遗传多样性的水平和结构。该地区的特点是有许多沿海小溪和一些较大的集水区。在区域层面上，当代人口的遗传结构受到一系列事件的影响，包括上一个冰河时代以及上个千年的人类活动。所有种群都经历了严重的遗传瓶颈，与中世纪时期开始的流域内矿产资源开发的增加相一致。在更局部的层面上，当代人类引起的栖息地破碎化，例如堰和涵洞的建设，对研究区域内较小流域的鳟鱼种群产生了不成比例的影响。然而，在小型流域相对不受此类活动影响的地方，它们可以容纳与该地区较大河流中发现的多样性水平相当的鳟鱼种群。我们还预测，居住在小型、孤立流域的鳟鱼种群未来的多样性和杂合性将显着丧失。我们的研究强调了多种因素，尤其是人类活动，如何在很长一段时间内并继续影响鳟鱼遗传多样性的水平和结构。

更新日期：2020-06-26

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