Blockchain is a key technique which can support Bitcoin. Blockchain is a decentralized infrastructure that uses chained data structure to verify and store data, and uses distributed node consensus mechanism to generate and update data. Blockchain has become a hot research topic since its attributes of decentralization, verifiability and anti-tampering. To stimulate the development of Blockchain, we conduct a comprehensive research on Blockchain. Specifically, we discuss various mainstream consensus mechanisms used in blockchain technology, and thoroughly analyze anonymity and privacy protection in digital currency. Aiming at data encryption mechanism, we discuss existing anonymity and privacy protection schemes. Our discussion can further promote the development of Blockchain.

区块链是可以支持比特币的关键技术。区块链是一种去中心化的基础架构，它使用链式数据结构来验证和存储数据，并使用分布式节点共识机制来生成和更新数据。自从区块链的去中心化，可验证性和防篡改特性以来，它已成为研究的热点。为了刺激区块链的发展，我们对区块链进行了全面的研究。具体来说，我们讨论了区块链技术中使用的各种主流共识机制，并彻底分析了数字货币的匿名性和隐私保护。针对数据加密机制，我们讨论了现有的匿名性和隐私保护方案。我们的讨论可以进一步促进区块链的发展。