OBJECTIVE Biomaterial can be locally applied to promote the osseointegration of dental implants. This study aimed to fabricate an osteogenic inducer (OI) sustained-release system and to evaluate its effects on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts on titanium surfaces. METHODS First of all, different contents of OI solution were added to the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) gel individually to investigate the best physical properties and drug-release rate. Moreover, osteoblasts were isolated from the calvaria of two-month-old New Zealand rabbits through sequential enzymatic digestion. Osteoblasts were seeded onto the surface of Ti disks (control group), Ti coated with PLGA gel (PLGA group), and Ti coated with the OI sustained-release system (PLGA+OI group). Cell adhesion was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8. Cell differentiation was tested by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic-related gene expression. RESULTS The OI sustained-release system contained 15% OI solution had appropriate physical properties and drug-release rate. The osteoblasts in the PLGA+OI group were in a typical spindle shape with a considerable number indicating the promotion of adhesion and proliferation. The expression of early and late stage osteoblast differentiation genes in the PLGA+OI group were significantly higher than that of the control group and PLGA group at each time point. The PLGA group showed accelerated adhesion and differentiation but reduced proliferation compared with the control. CONCLUSION The OI sustained-release system promotes the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts on titanium surfaces. This system is a cost-effective osteoconductive biomaterial that might be promising for use in dental implantation.

中文翻译：

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成骨诱导剂持续释放系统促进成骨细胞在钛表面的粘附，增殖和分化。

目的生物材料可局部应用于促进牙种植体的骨整合。这项研究旨在制造成骨诱导剂（OI）持续释放系统，并评估其对成骨细胞在钛表面上的粘附，增殖和分化的影响。方法首先，将不同含量的OI溶液分别添加到聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）凝胶中，以研究最佳物理性质和药物释放速率。此外，通过连续的酶消化从两​​个月大的新西兰兔的颅骨中分离出成骨细胞。将成骨细胞播种到Ti盘的表面（对照组），涂有PLGA凝胶的Ti（PLGA组）和涂有OI持续释放系统的PL（PLGA + OI组）。通过扫描电子显微镜观察细胞粘附。通过细胞计数试剂盒8分析细胞增殖。通过茜素红染色，碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和成骨相关基因表达来测试细胞分化。结果含15％OI溶液的OI缓释系统具有适当的物理性质和药物释放速率。PLGA + OI组中的成骨细胞呈典型的纺锤形，其中大量表明促进粘附和增殖。在每个时间点，PLGA + OI组的早期和晚期成骨细胞分化基因的表达均显着高于对照组和PLGA组。与对照组相比，PLGA组显示出加速的粘附和分化，但增殖减少。结论OI缓释系统可促进黏附，增殖，钛表面成骨细胞的分化。该系统是一种具有成本效益的骨传导性生物材料，有望在牙科植入中使用。