Infectious disease outbreaks emerged across the globe during the recent 2015–2016 El Niño event, re-igniting research interest in how climate events influence disease dynamics. While the relationship between long-term warming and the transmission of disease-causing parasites has received substantial attention, we do not yet know how pulse heat events – common phenomena in a warming world – will alter parasite transmission. The effects of pulse warming on ecological and evolutionary processes are complex and context dependent, motivating research to understand how climate oscillations drive host health and disease. Here, we develop a framework for evaluating and predicting the effects of pulse warming on parasitic infection. Specifically, we synthesize how pulse heat stress affects hosts, parasites, and the ecological interactions between them.

在最近的2015-2016年厄尔尼诺事件期间，全球爆发了传染病暴发，重新激发了人们对气候事件如何影响疾病动态的研究兴趣。尽管长期变暖与致病性寄生虫传播之间的关系受到了广泛关注，但我们还不知道脉冲热事件（变暖世界中的普遍现象）将如何改变寄生虫的传播。脉冲变暖对生态和进化过程的影响是复杂的，且取决于环境，这促使研究者了解气候振荡如何驱动宿主健康和疾病。在这里，我们开发了一个框架，用于评估和预测脉冲升温对寄生虫感染的影响。具体来说，我们综合了脉冲热应激如何影响宿主，寄生虫以及它们之间的生态相互作用。