Nitrogen (N) stabilizers, e.g. nitrification inhibitor (NIs), urease inhibitor (UIs), or combined NIs and UIs (NUIs) have been recommended to reduce N losses, and improve fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE) and crop yield. However, the effectiveness of N stabilizers on rice yield and NUE varies greatly and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We performed a series of ¹⁵N tracing experiments in the laboratory and in the field of two paddy soils with contrasting pH (pH 5.18 and 7.83) to evaluate the effects of N stabilizers on gross rates of soil N transformations, rice yield, NUE and N loss. Results showed that in acidic soil the NI and NUI did not significantly affect the NH₄⁺ residence time and the potential risk of N loss (gross nitrification rate (O_NH4) + NH₃ volatilization (V_NH3), O_NH4 + V_NH3). However, the NI significantly inhibited O_NH4 reducing the combined ammoniacal N loss (O_NH4 and V_NH3) by 19.7% and prolonging the NH₄⁺ residence time in alkaline soil. Similarly, NUI also reduced O_NH4 + V_NH3 by 15.8%, thus, increasing the residence time of ammoniacal N in alkaline soil. The results of the field trial showed that application of NI and NUI can improve rice yield and NUE by extending a residence time of NH₄⁺ in alkaline soil, but not in acidic soil. This study provided information under which conditions NIs and/or NUIs can be recommended to enhance rice production while reducing environmental impacts.

已建议使用氮（N）稳定剂，例如硝化抑制剂（NIs），脲酶抑制剂（UIs）或组合的NIs和UIs（NUIs），以减少氮素的损失，并提高肥料氮的利用效率（NUE）和作物产量。但是，氮稳定剂对水稻产量和NUE的有效性差异很大，其潜在机理尚不十分清楚。我们在实验室和两种不同pH值（pH 5.18和7.83）的稻田中进行了一系列^15次N示踪实验，以评估氮稳定剂对土壤总氮转化率，水稻产量，NUE和N的影响。失利。结果表明，在酸性土壤中，NI和NUI不会显着影响NH ₄ ^+的停留时间和氮损失的潜在风险（总硝化率（O _NH4）+ NH ₃挥发（V _NH3），O _NH4  +  V _NH3）。但是，NI显着抑制了O _NH4，使氨氮合计损失（O _NH4和V _NH3）降低了19.7％，并延长了NH ₄ ⁺在碱性土壤中的停留时间。同样，NUI也还原了O _NH4  +  V _NH3氨氮在碱性土壤中的停留时间增加了15.8％。田间试验的结果表明，NI和NUI的使用可以延长NH ₄ ⁺在碱性土壤中的停留时间，而不是在酸性土壤中的停留时间，从而提高水稻产量和NUE 。这项研究提供了可以在哪些条件下推荐使用NI和/或NUI来提高稻米产量，同时减少对环境的影响的信息。