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Signaling pathways and promoter regions that mediate pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) self-regulation in gonadotrophs.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110851
Rongquiang Yang 1 , Stephen J Winters 2 , Joseph P Moore 3
Affiliation  

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is thought to play a role in the development and regulation of gonadotrophs. PACAP levels are very high in the rodent fetal pituitary, and decline substantially and rapidly at birth, followed by a significant rise in FSHβ and GnRH-R expression. Because there is evidence that PACAP stimulates its own transcription, we propose that this self-regulation is interrupted around the time of birth. To begin to examine the mechanisms for PACAP self-regulation, we used two well-established gonadotroph cell lines, αT3-1 cells and the more mature LβT2 cells which were transfected with a PACAP promoter-reporter construct As in vivo, the basal PACAP transcription level is significantly lower in the more mature LβT2 cells in which basal cAMP signaling is also much reduced. The PACAP promoter was stimulated by PACAP in both cell lines. Treatment with inhibitors of second messenger pathways implicated PKA, PKC and MAPK in PACAP transcription. Three regions of the PACAP promoter were found to confer inhibition or stimulation of PACAP transcription. By inhibiting cAMP response element binding (CREB) activity and mutating a proximal CREB binding site, we found that CREB is essential for promoter activation. Finally, overexpression of PACAP receptor HOP1 isoform, to increase the level in LβT2 cells to that of αT3-1 cells and simulate the E19 pituitary, increased PACAP- stimulated sensitivity and significantly altered downstream gene transcription. These results provide novel insight into the feed-forward regulation of PACAP expression that may help initiate gonadotroph function at birth.

中文翻译:

信号通路和启动子区域,可调节促性腺激素中垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽(PACAP)的自我调节。

垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽(PACAP)被认为在促性腺激素的形成和调节中起作用。啮齿动物胎儿垂体中的PACAP水平很高,并且在出生时迅速且大量下降,然后FSHβ和GnRH-R表达显着上升。因为有证据表明PACAP会刺激其自身转录,所以我们建议这种自我调节在出生时就被打断。为了开始研究PACAP自我调节的机制,我们使用了两种成熟的促性腺细胞系,即αT3-1细胞和更成熟的LβT2细胞,它们已用PACAP启动子-报告子构建体转染。在体内,基础PACAP转录在基础cAMP信号也大大减少的更成熟的LβT2细胞中,血红蛋白水平显着降低。在两种细胞系中,PACAP均能刺激PACAP启动子。第二信使途径抑制剂的治疗涉及PACAP转录中的PKA,PKC和MAPK。发现PACAP启动子的三个区域赋予PACAP转录抑制或刺激。通过抑制cAMP反应元件结合(CREB)活性和突变近端CREB结合位点,我们发现CREB对于启动子激活至关重要。最后,PACAP受体HOP1亚型的过表达将LβT2细胞中的水平提高到αT3-1细胞中的水平并模拟E19垂体,增加PACAP刺激的敏感性并显着改变下游基因转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。第二信使途径抑制剂的治疗涉及PACAP转录中的PKA,PKC和MAPK。发现PACAP启动子的三个区域赋予PACAP转录抑制或刺激。通过抑制cAMP反应元件结合(CREB)活性并突变近端CREB结合位点,我们发现CREB对于启动子激活至关重要。最后,PACAP受体HOP1亚型的过表达将LβT2细胞中的水平提高到αT3-1细胞中的水平并模拟E19垂体,增加PACAP刺激的敏感性并显着改变下游基因转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。第二信使途径抑制剂的治疗涉及PACAP转录中的PKA,PKC和MAPK。发现PACAP启动子的三个区域赋予PACAP转录抑制或刺激。通过抑制cAMP反应元件结合(CREB)活性和突变近端CREB结合位点,我们发现CREB对于启动子激活至关重要。最后,PACAP受体HOP1亚型的过表达将LβT2细胞中的水平提高到αT3-1细胞中的水平并模拟E19垂体,增加PACAP刺激的敏感性并显着改变下游基因转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。PACAP转录中的PKC和MAPK。发现PACAP启动子的三个区域赋予PACAP转录抑制或刺激。通过抑制cAMP反应元件结合(CREB)活性并突变近端CREB结合位点,我们发现CREB对于启动子激活至关重要。最后,PACAP受体HOP1亚型的过表达将LβT2细胞中的水平提高到αT3-1细胞中的水平并模拟E19垂体,增加PACAP刺激的敏感性并显着改变下游基因转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。PACAP转录中的PKC和MAPK。发现PACAP启动子的三个区域赋予PACAP转录抑制或刺激。通过抑制cAMP反应元件结合(CREB)活性并突变近端CREB结合位点,我们发现CREB对于启动子激活至关重要。最后,PACAP受体HOP1亚型的过表达将LβT2细胞中的水平提高到αT3-1细胞中的水平,并模拟垂体E19,增加了PACAP刺激的敏感性,并显着改变了下游基因的转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。通过抑制cAMP反应元件结合(CREB)活性和突变近端CREB结合位点,我们发现CREB对于启动子激活至关重要。最后,PACAP受体HOP1亚型的过表达将LβT2细胞中的水平提高到αT3-1细胞中的水平,并模拟垂体E19,增加了PACAP刺激的敏感性,并显着改变了下游基因的转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。通过抑制cAMP反应元件结合(CREB)活性和突变近端CREB结合位点,我们发现CREB对于启动子激活至关重要。最后,PACAP受体HOP1亚型的过表达将LβT2细胞中的水平提高到αT3-1细胞中的水平并模拟E19垂体,增加PACAP刺激的敏感性并显着改变下游基因转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。增加PACAP刺激的敏感性,并显着改变下游基因转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。增加PACAP刺激的敏感性,并显着改变下游基因转录。这些结果为PACAP表达的前馈调节提供了新的见解,它可能有助于在出生时启动性腺功能。
更新日期:2020-05-18
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