The heat generated during orthopedic surgery can cause thermal damage to bone cells, leading to cell necrosis, death, and bone resorption. In this study, the drill-exit surface in cortical bone drilling was firstly investigated by infrared thermography to understand the thermal characteristics of bone cutting. In order to mimic the short-term thermal condition of high temperature during surgical cutting, the osteoblasts were exposed to heat shock for short periods of time to investigate the effect of cutting heat on the bone. Necrosis and apoptosis were investigated immediately after heat shock for 2 s, 5 s, and 15 s at 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C, respectively. The cells were then incubated for 4 days at 37 °C and analyzed by fluorescein annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The temperature and heat-duration were precisely controlled by a novel heating approach. In comparison to the control group (37 °C), immediate necrotic and apoptotic response to heat shock was found in cells exposed to 50 °C for 5 s (11.8%, p<0.05); however, the response was negligible in cells exposed to 50 °C for 2 s. In addition, recovery was found in the group exposed to 50 °C and 60 °C for 2 s (p ≤ 0.05) after incubation for 4 days. Cell damage depends on the magnitude and duration of heat exposure. These findings provide fundamental knowledge for future developments of surgical tool design and cutting methods.

骨科手术过程中产生的热量会对骨细胞造成热损伤，导致细胞坏死、死亡和骨吸收。在这项研究中，首先通过红外热成像研究了皮质骨钻孔的钻孔出口表面，以了解骨切割的热特性。为了模拟手术切割过程中高温的短期热条件，将成骨细胞短时间暴露于热休克以研究切割热对骨骼的影响。分别在 50°C、60°C、70°C 和 80°C 下热休克 2 s、5 s 和 15 s 后立即研究坏死和细胞凋亡。然后将细胞在 37°C 下培养 4 天，并通过荧光素膜联蛋白 V-FITC/PI 双染色进行分析。温度和加热持续时间由一种新颖的加热方法精确控制。与对照组 (37 °C) 相比，在 50 °C 下暴露 5 s 的细胞中发现对热休克的立即坏死和凋亡反应 (11.8%, p<0.05)；然而，在暴露于 50 °C 下 2 秒的细胞中，反应可以忽略不计。此外，在50°C和60°C下暴露2秒（p≤0.05）的组在孵育4天后发现恢复。细胞损伤取决于热暴露的程度和持续时间。这些发现为手术工具设计和切割方法的未来发展提供了基础知识。在暴露于 50 °C 下 2 秒的细胞中，响应可以忽略不计。此外，在50°C和60°C下暴露2秒（p≤0.05）的组在孵育4天后发现恢复。细胞损伤取决于热暴露的程度和持续时间。这些发现为手术工具设计和切割方法的未来发展提供了基础知识。在暴露于 50 °C 下 2 秒的细胞中，响应可以忽略不计。此外，在50°C和60°C下暴露2秒（p≤0.05）的组在孵育4天后发现恢复。细胞损伤取决于热暴露的程度和持续时间。这些发现为手术工具设计和切割方法的未来发展提供了基础知识。