BACKGROUND The dorsal premotor area (DPM) plays an important role in hand coordination and muscle recruitment for lifting activities. Lesions in the area have demonstrated that the DPM is critical in the integration of movements that require combinations of reaching, grasping, and lifting. While many have looked at its functional connectivity, few studies have shown the full anatomical connectivity of DPM including its connections beyond the motor network. Using region-based fMRI studies, we built a neuroanatomical model to account for these extra-motor connections. OBJECTIVE In this study, we performed meta-analysis and tractography with the goal of creating a map of the dorsal premotor network using the Human Connectome Project parcellation scheme nomenclature (i.e. the Glasser Atlas). While there are other possible ways to map this, we feel that it is critical that neuroimaging begin to move towards all of its data expressed in a single nomenclature which can be compared across studies, and a potential framework that we can build upon in future studies. METHODS Thirty region-based fMRI studies were used to generate an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) using BrainMap software (Research Imaging Institute of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio). Cortical parcellations overlapping the ALE were used to construct a preliminary model of the Dorsal Premotor Area. Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) based tractography was performed to determine the connectivity between cortical parcellations and connections throughout cortex. The resulting connectivities were described using the cortical parcellation scheme developed by the Human Connectome Project (HCP). RESULTS Three left hemisphere regions were found to comprise the Dorsal Premotor Area. These included areas 6a, 6d. and 6v, Across mapped brains, these areas showed consistent interconnections between each other. Additionally, ipsilateral connections to the premotor cortex, sensorimotor cortex, superior and inferior parietal lobule, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, and insula were demonstrated. Connections to the contralateral supplementary motor area and premotor cortex were also identified. CONCLUSIONS We describe a preliminary cortical model for the underlying structural connectivity of the Dorsal Premotor Area. Future studies should further characterize the neuroanatomic underpinnings of this network.

中文翻译：

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基于分割的背侧运动前区建模

背景背侧运动前区（DPM）在举重活动的手部协调和肌肉募集中起着重要作用。该区域的病变表明 DPM 在需要达到、抓握和提举组合的运动的整合中至关重要。虽然许多人研究了它的功能连通性，但很少有研究表明 DPM 的完整解剖学连通性，包括其在运动网络之外的连接。使用基于区域的 fMRI 研究，我们建立了一个神经解剖模型来解释这些额外的运动连接。目标在本研究中，我们进行了荟萃分析和纤维束成像，目的是使用人类连接组计划分区方案命名法（即 Glasser Atlas）创建背侧运动前网络图。虽然还有其他可能的方法来映射这个，我们认为，神经影像学开始转向以单一命名法表达的所有数据至关重要，该命名法可以跨研究进行比较，以及我们可以在未来研究中建立的潜在框架。方法 使用 BrainMap 软件（德克萨斯健康科学中心圣安东尼奥成像研究所），使用 30 项基于区域的 fMRI 研究来生成激活可能性估计 (ALE)。与 ALE 重叠的皮质分割用于构建背侧前运动区的初步模型。进行了基于扩散谱成像 (DSI) 的纤维束成像，以确定皮层分割和整个皮层的连接之间的连通性。使用人类连接组计划 (HCP) 开发的皮质分割方案描述了由此产生的连接。结果发现三个左半球区域包括背侧运动前区。这些包括区域6a、6d。和 6v，在映射的大脑中，这些区域之间显示出一致的互连。此外，还证实了与前运动皮层、感觉运动皮层、上下顶叶小叶、中下额回和脑岛的同侧连接。还确定了与对侧辅助运动区和前运动皮层的连接。结论我们描述了用于背侧前运动区潜在结构连通性的初步皮层模型。未来的研究应进一步表征该网络的神经解剖学基础。这些领域相互之间显示出一致的相互联系。此外，还证实了与前运动皮层、感觉运动皮层、上下顶叶小叶、中下额回和脑岛的同侧连接。还确定了与对侧辅助运动区和前运动皮层的连接。结论我们描述了用于背侧前运动区潜在结构连通性的初步皮层模型。未来的研究应进一步表征该网络的神经解剖学基础。这些领域相互之间显示出一致的相互联系。此外，还证实了与前运动皮层、感觉运动皮层、上下顶叶小叶、中下额回和脑岛的同侧连接。还确定了与对侧辅助运动区和前运动皮层的连接。结论我们描述了用于背侧前运动区潜在结构连通性的初步皮层模型。未来的研究应进一步表征该网络的神经解剖学基础。还确定了与对侧辅助运动区和前运动皮层的连接。结论我们描述了用于背侧前运动区潜在结构连通性的初步皮层模型。未来的研究应进一步表征该网络的神经解剖学基础。还确定了与对侧辅助运动区和前运动皮层的连接。结论我们描述了用于背侧前运动区潜在结构连通性的初步皮层模型。未来的研究应进一步表征该网络的神经解剖学基础。