Understanding public attitudes to climate change and energy preferences is key to a successful transformation to a low-carbon society. While many studies have examined relationships between specific variables, little is known about the breadth of relationships between multiple climate and energy-relevant concepts. In this paper we used network models to explore and visualize relationships between climate change beliefs and energy preferences, using data from Round 8 of the European Social Survey (ESS8). ESS8 was conducted in 22 European countries and Israel. We found positive relationships between climate change salience, climate change beliefs, climate change concern, personal norm, and personal outcome expectancy, in line with prominent theories within the area. Moreover, beliefs on efficacy of actions of different actors (i.e., governments, large groups of people) to reduce climate change were positively related, and participants had consistent preferences for fossil energy sources or renewable energy sources, respectively. Furthermore, two types of energy security concerns could be distinguished, reflecting temporary and long term threats to energy security, respectively. Energy supply source preferences, energy policy support, and energy conservation behaviors were mostly not uniquely related to the other module variables. Furthermore, the relationships between variables, reflected in the network structure, were comparable across countries.

中文翻译：

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探索气候变化信念与能源偏好之间的关系：欧洲社会调查的网络分析

了解公众对气候变化和能源偏好的态度是成功向低碳社会转型的关键。虽然许多研究已经研究了特定变量之间的关系，但对多种气候和能源相关概念之间关系的广度知之甚少。在本文中，我们使用来自欧洲社会调查 (ESS8) 第 8 轮的数据，使用网络模型来探索和可视化气候变化信念与能源偏好之间的关系。ESS8 在 22 个欧洲国家和以色列进行。我们发现气候变化显着性、气候变化信念、气候变化关注、个人规范和个人结果预期之间存在正相关关系，与该领域的突出理论一致。此外，对不同行为者（即政府、大群人）减少气候变化呈正相关，参与者分别对化石能源或可再生能源有一致的偏好。此外，可以区分两种类型的能源安全问题，分别反映对能源安全的暂时和长期威胁。能源供应来源偏好、能源政策支持和节能行为与其他模块变量大多不是唯一相关的。此外，反映在网络结构中的变量之间的关系在各国之间具有可比性。可以区分两类能源安全问题，分别反映对能源安全的暂时和长期威胁。能源供应来源偏好、能源政策支持和节能行为与其他模块变量大多不是唯一相关的。此外，反映在网络结构中的变量之间的关系在各国之间具有可比性。可以区分两类能源安全问题，分别反映对能源安全的暂时和长期威胁。能源供应来源偏好、能源政策支持和节能行为与其他模块变量大多不是唯一相关的。此外，反映在网络结构中的变量之间的关系在各国之间具有可比性。