Abstract Slaking is a well-known process, in which the surface of rock masses consisting of rocks such as mudstone, shale, etc. show rapid and complete disintegration when they are subjected to drying and then wetting with fresh water. On the other hand, dried sandstones even if they contain clay minerals such as smectite, etc., usually do not exhibit complete disintegration when they are soaked in fresh water. Instead, they usually show a strength decrease. Their slaking durability is tested by rotating them in a drum which is partially immersed in fresh water and eventually measuring the decrease in weight. On the other hand, it was found that some of the Paleogene sandstones from Kushiro Coal Mine in Japan, were completely disintegrated when they were immersed in fresh water followed by drying, but they were not collapsed when saline water was used instead of the fresh water. It was also shown that sandstones containing calcite did not show the complete breakdown even in fresh water. To understand the complete collapse of sandstones in fresh water and prevention of the collapse by salt water, sandstones sampled from Neogene dikes and Cretaceous at the mine were immersed in pure and salt water with Shikotsu welded tuff for comparison. Only dike sandstones showed a complete collapse in pure water and 3% salt water. Dike sandstone further showed severe time-dependent damage in salt water whose salinity was less than 7%. The results were explained by the dissolution of halite, swelling pressure of montmorillonite, osmotic pressure, etc.

中文翻译：

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淡水对堤防砂岩的完全水化塌陷和盐水塌陷的预防

摘要 熟化是众所周知的过程，其中由泥岩、页岩等岩石组成的岩体表面在经过干燥和淡水润湿后会表现出快速而完全的崩解。另一方面，干砂岩即使含有蒙脱石等粘土矿物，在淡水中浸泡后通常也不会完全崩解。相反，它们通常表现出强度下降。通过在部分浸入淡水的滚筒中旋转它们并最终测量重量的减少来测试它们的消解耐久性。另一方面，发现日本钏路煤矿的一些古近系砂岩在浸泡在淡水中干燥后完全崩解，但是当用盐水代替淡水时，它们并没有倒塌。还表明，即使在淡水中，含有方解石的砂岩也没有完全分解。为了解砂岩在淡水中完全坍塌和防止盐水坍塌，将采自新近系和白垩系矿区的砂岩用支笏焊接凝灰岩浸入纯水和盐水中进行比较。只有堤坝砂岩在纯水和 3% 的盐水中完全坍塌。堤防砂岩在盐度低于 7% 的盐水中进一步表现出严重的时间依赖性损害。结果用岩盐的溶解、蒙脱石的溶胀压力、渗透压等来解释。还表明，即使在淡水中，含有方解石的砂岩也没有完全分解。为了解砂岩在淡水中完全坍塌和防止盐水坍塌，将采自新近系和白垩系矿区的砂岩用支笏焊接凝灰岩浸入纯水和盐水中进行比较。只有堤坝砂岩在纯水和 3% 的盐水中完全坍塌。堤防砂岩在盐度低于 7% 的盐水中进一步表现出严重的时间依赖性损害。结果用岩盐的溶解、蒙脱石的溶胀压力、渗透压等来解释。还表明，即使在淡水中，含有方解石的砂岩也没有完全分解。为了解砂岩在淡水中完全坍塌和防止盐水坍塌，将采自新近系和白垩系矿区的砂岩用支笏焊接凝灰岩浸入纯水和盐水中进行比较。只有堤坝砂岩在纯水和 3% 的盐水中完全坍塌。堤防砂岩在盐度低于 7% 的盐水中进一步表现出严重的时间依赖性损害。结果用岩盐的溶解、蒙脱石的溶胀压力、渗透压等来解释。将采自新近系和白垩系的砂岩用支笏焊接凝灰岩浸入纯水和盐水中进行比较。只有堤坝砂岩在纯水和 3% 的盐水中完全坍塌。堤防砂岩在盐度低于 7% 的盐水中进一步表现出严重的时间依赖性损害。结果用岩盐的溶解、蒙脱石的溶胀压力、渗透压等来解释。将采自新近系和白垩系的砂岩用支笏焊接凝灰岩浸入纯水和盐水中进行比较。只有堤坝砂岩在纯水和 3% 的盐水中完全坍塌。堤防砂岩在盐度低于 7% 的盐水中进一步表现出严重的时间依赖性损害。结果用岩盐的溶解、蒙脱石的溶胀压力、渗透压等来解释。