The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased and a therapeutic strategy using probiotic intervention has been reported. The effects of different Bifidobacterium (B. breve, B. bifidum, B. animalis, B. infants, and B. adolescentis) on gut microbial changes were explored in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced AD, a T helper type 2-dominant allergic disease. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium suppressed skin thickening and mast cell infiltration, blocked pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, CCL11, IL-13, and CCL22), increased IL-10 and IFN-γ, and modulated the microbiome and ecology in the gut. Based on 16S rRNA results, DNFB treatment resulted in gut microbial dysbiosis, characterized by a decrease in the proportion of Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes. The core microbiome related to AD were also observed (Dorea, Prevotella, Sutterella, Odoribacter, and Pseudomonas). B. breve and B. bifidum treatments increased the relative abundance of Adlercreutzia, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Anaerostipes, and Anaerotruncus. The functional modules involved in fructose and mannose metabolism, propanoate metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis were upregulated, and these might be related to immune regulation and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. Taken together, these results suggested that Bifidobacterium treatments affected gut microbial composition and structure, altered gut microbial ecosystem, and these alterations were closely associated with inflammation and SCFA production.

特应性皮炎（AD）的患病率增加，并且已经报道了使用益生菌干预的治疗策略。在2，4-二硝基氟苯（DNFB）诱导的AD（一种T辅助类型）中探索了不同的双歧杆菌（短双歧杆菌，双歧双歧杆菌，动物双歧杆菌，婴儿双歧杆菌和青少年双歧杆菌）对肠道微生物变化的影响。 2种主要的过敏性疾病。口服双歧杆菌可抑制皮肤增厚和肥大细胞浸润，阻断促炎细胞因子（IL-4，CCL11，IL-13和CCL22），增加IL-10和IFN-γ并调节肠道微生物组和生态。根据16S rRNA结果，DNFB治疗导致肠道微生物营养不良，其特点是Firmicutes比例降低和增加的拟杆菌。与AD相关的核心微生物组中也观察到（Dorea，普氏菌，Sutterella，Odoribacter，和假单胞菌属）。B. breve和B. bifidum处理增加了Adlercreutzia，Streptococcus，Lactobacillus，Anaerostipes和Anaerotruncus的相对丰度。。果糖和甘露糖代谢，丙酸酯代谢和脂肪酸生物合成中涉及的功能模块被上调，这些功能模块可能与免疫调节和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的产生有关。综上所述，这些结果表明双歧杆菌的治疗影响了肠道微生物的组成和结构，改变了肠道微生物的生态系统，并且这些改变与炎症和SCFA的产生密切相关。