Insulin resistance (IR) has an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the effect of young apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Fuji) polyphenols (YAP) on IR in HepG2 cells. It was found that YAP and its two main components, phlorizin and chlorogenic acid, could increase glucose uptake, glucose consumption and glycogen content. YAP and phlorizin activated the insulin receptor substrate 2/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/phosphorylation of the protein kinase B (IRS2/PI3K/AKT) signal pathway, as well as its downstream proteins glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), which were further confirmed by application of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. YAP and phlorizin also improved mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, restoring ATP production and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). This study suggested that YAP has the potential to alleviate T2DM symptoms.

胰岛素抵抗（IR）在2型糖尿病（T2DM）的发展中具有重要作用。这项研究旨在调查苹果幼果的影响（苹果属苹果属红富士）HepG2细胞中IR上的多酚（YAP）。发现YAP及其两个主要成分，根皮苷和绿原酸，可以增加葡萄糖摄取，葡萄糖消耗和糖原含量。YAP和Phlorizin激活胰岛素受体底物2 /磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B（IRS2 / PI3K / AKT）信号途径的磷酸化，以及其下游蛋白糖原合酶激酶3β（GSK3β）和叉头盒蛋白O1 （FOXO1），通过使用PI3K抑制剂LY294002进一步证实。YAP和Phlorizin还可以通过减少线粒体活性氧（ROS）的积累，恢复ATP的产生和线粒体膜电位（MMP）来改善线粒体功能障碍。这项研究表明，YAP具有缓解T2DM症状的潜力。