Abstract Plants, including those managed by humans, are often attacked by multiple diseases. Yet, most studies focus on single diseases, even if the disease dynamics of multiple species is more interesting from a farmers’ perspective. Moreover, most studies are from single management systems, although it is valuable to understand how diseases are distributed across broad management gradients, especially in cases where less intensive management also provides biodiversity values in the landscape. To understand the spatial dynamics and drivers of diseases across such a broad management gradient, we assessed four major fungal diseases on Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) at 60 sites in southwestern Ethiopia along a gradient from only little managed wild coffee in the forest understory to intensively managed coffee plantations. We found that environmental and management factors related to disease incidence and severity differed strongly among the four fungal diseases. Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and Armillaria root rot (Armillaria mellea) were more severe in intensively managed sites, whereas coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae) and wilt disease (Gibberella xylarioides) were more severe in less managed sites. Among sites, incidence and severity of the four fungal diseases poorly correlated with each other. Within sites, however, shrubs that were severely attacked by coffee leaf rust also had high levels of berry disease symptoms. A better understanding of disease dynamics is important for providing management recommendations that benefit smallholder farmers, but also to evaluate possibilities for maintaining biodiversity values in the landscape related to shade cover complexity and wild coffee genetic variation.

中文翻译：

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阿拉比卡咖啡真菌疾病群落的模式和驱动因素沿管理梯度

摘要 植物，包括人类管理的植物，经常受到多种疾病的侵袭。然而，大多数研究都集中在单一疾病上，即使从农民的角度来看，多个物种的疾病动态更有趣。此外，大多数研究来自单一管理系统，尽管了解疾病如何在广泛的管理梯度中分布是有价值的，特别是在不太密集的管理也提供景观中生物多样性价值的情况下。为了了解如此广泛的管理梯度中疾病的空间动态和驱动因素，我们评估了埃塞俄比亚西南部 60 个地点的阿拉比卡咖啡 (Coffea arabica) 的四种主要真菌病害，其梯度从森林林下的少量管理野生咖啡到密集种植。管理的咖啡种植园。我们发现与疾病发生率和严重程度相关的环境和管理因素在四种真菌疾病中差异很大。咖啡叶锈病 (Hemileiavastatrix) 和蜜环菌根腐病 (Armillaria mellea) 在集约化管理的地区更为严重，而咖啡浆果病 (Colletotrichum kahawae) 和枯萎病 (Gibberella xylarioides) 在管理较少的地区更为严重。在地点之间，四种真菌病害的发生率和严重程度彼此之间的相关性较差。然而，在站点内，受到咖啡叶锈病严重侵袭的灌木也具有高水平的浆果病症状。更好地了解疾病动态对于提供有益于小农的管理建议很重要，