In this paper, we propose a new design of plasmonic organic solar cells (OSCs). It consists of a protective layer of SiO 2 , an anti-reflective glass of ITO, a compact buffer of PEDOT:PSS, an absorbing organic material of P3HT:PCBM, and a reflective layer of Al. A square periodic array of core–shell nanoparticles (Au@ITO NPs) is embedded in the active layer of P3HT:PCBM in order to enhance the absorption of OSC. Although ITO coating slightly reduces efficiency, it prevents the oxidation of gold NPs and increases the OSC lifetime. We study the effect of numerous parameters such as the core radius, shell thickness, and core material on the optical absorption by solving Maxwell’s equations using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The drift–diffusion and Poisson’s equations are solved with an in-house software tool by discretizing the solar cell using the finite element method. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to apply the real model of trap-assisted recombination and Auger recombination of used materials to the simulations to match them with the experimental results. The numerical results show the proposed OSC embedded with Au@ITO NPs has the built-in potential of 2.9 V, short-circuit current of 16.63 mA/cm 2 , the open-circuit voltage of 1.14 V, maximum power of 17.25 mW/cm 2 , fill-factor of 0.91, the conduction band of 2.8 eV, electron quasi-Fermi level of 2.35 eV, hole quasi-Fermi level of 0.6 eV and an efficiency of 17.25%. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed OSC has an improvement of 25% compared to conventional OSCs.

中文翻译：

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嵌入核壳 Au@ITO 纳米粒子的有机太阳能电池的吸收增强和效率提高

在本文中，我们提出了等离子体有机太阳能电池 (OSC) 的新设计。它由SiO 2 保护层、ITO 抗反射玻璃、PEDOT:PSS 致密缓冲层、P3HT:PCBM 有机吸收材料和Al 反射层组成。核壳纳米粒子（Au@ITO NPs）的方形周期性阵列嵌入 P3HT:PCBM 的活性层中，以增强 OSC 的吸收。尽管 ITO 涂层会略微降低效率，但它可以防止金 NP 氧化并增加 OSC 寿命。我们通过使用三维有限差分时域方法求解麦克斯韦方程组，研究了许多参数（如纤芯半径、壳厚度和纤芯材料）对光吸收的影响。漂移扩散方程和泊松方程是通过内部软件工具通过使用有限元方法离散太阳能电池来求解的。据我们所知，本文是第一个将使用过的材料的陷阱辅助复合和俄歇复合的真实模型应用于模拟，以将它们与实验结果相匹配。数值结果表明，所提出的嵌入Au@ITO NPs的OSC具有2.9 V的内置电位，16.63 mA/cm 2 的短路电流，1.14 V的开路电压，17.25 mW/cm的最大功率如图2所示，填充因子为0.91，导带为2.8eV，电子准费米能级为2.35eV，空穴准费米能级为0.6eV，效率为17.25%。此外，与传统 OSC 相比，所提出的 OSC 的性能提高了 25%。