A dense network of instruments has been deployed within harbors along the Mediterranean coast, in the Toulon Metropole area, between the Hyères islands and the Sanary Bay in the framework of the observation network HTM-NET. Each station is equipped with two piezometric sensors, the first immersed and the second emerged, which allows the calculation of the water level. Both piezometric sensors are also equipped with a temperature sensor. Water level and temperature data are analyzed and discussed, also considering meteorological data provided by Météo-France stations. The tide gauges provide information about tide harmonic components, extreme water level, and seiching. Moreover, significant differences are observed between sheltered zones in enclosed bays and offshore zones, such as between the back of the Bay of Toulon and at the Port-Cros Island. Differences in water level up to 0.10 m are indeed observed under windy conditions, of the same order as the tidal range (order of 0.20 m) or the annual level variability due to the volumetric expansion (order of 0.10 m). Water level variations, up to about 1 m, are found to be mainly due to atmospheric effects, with a more or less isostatic behavior according to the weather events. In addition, seiching with an amplitude of few centimeters is observed within the Little Bay of Toulon, for east wind conditions. The near-surface water temperature is measured at the submerged piezometer location (depth of immersion range 0.10–1.80 m according to the station and to the water level). The analysis of the temperature associated with the weather conditions allows to detail a strong variability of the upwelling intensity under Mistral wind conditions in summer, leading to more or less pronounced temperature drops according to the shore configuration. The Bay of Toulon is more prone to the generation of upwellings than the neighboring bays. During winter, water exchanges between the Little Bay of Toulon and offshore are also clearly observed during windy conditions. The HTM-NET long-term observation network thus provides useful insights to increase our knowledge of the hydrodynamics and mass fluxes, and therefore enhances our modeling capacity and risk assessment at the scale of a bay.

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关于对沿岸水位和温度进行长期观测以更好地了解动态的方法：以法国土伦地区为例

在观测网络HTM-NET的框架内，密集的仪器网络已部署在地中海沿岸的港口，土伦大都会地区，耶尔群岛和桑那利湾之间的海港内。每个站都配有两个测压传感器，第一个浸入水中，第二个浸入水中，可以计算水位。两个测压传感器还配备了温度传感器。分析和讨论了水位和温度数据，还考虑了法国气象站提供的气象数据。潮汐仪提供有关潮汐谐波分量，极端水位和测深的信息。此外，在封闭海湾和近海区域的庇护区之间，例如在土伦湾的后部和克罗斯港之间，也观察到了显着差异。在有风的条件下，确实观察到高达0.10 m的水位差异，与潮汐范围相同（0.20 m的数量级），或者由于体积膨胀而引起的年度水位变化（0.10 m的数量级）。发现最高约1 m的水位变化主要归因于大气影响，根据天气事件具有或多或少的等静特性。此外，在东风条件下，在土伦的小湾内观察到振幅为几厘米的seiching。在浸没式测压计位置测量近地表水温（根据测站和水位，浸入深度范围为0.10–1.80 m）。对与天气状况相关的温度的分析允许详细描述夏季Mistral风条件下上升流强度的强烈变化，根据海岸构造，导致或多或少明显的温度下降。土伦湾比邻近的海湾更容易发生隆起。在冬季，在刮风的条件下，土伦小湾和近海之间的水交换也很明显。因此，HTM-NET长期观测网络可提供有用的见解，以增加我们对水动力和质量通量的认识，从而增强我们在海湾规模上的建模能力和风险评估。土伦湾比邻近的海湾更容易发生隆起。在冬季，在刮风的条件下，土伦小湾和近海之间的水交换也很明显。因此，HTM-NET长期观测网络可提供有用的见解，以增加我们对水动力和质量通量的认识，从而增强我们在海湾规模上的建模能力和风险评估。土伦湾比邻近的海湾更容易发生隆起。在冬季，在刮风的条件下，土伦小湾和近海之间的水交换也很明显。因此，HTM-NET长期观测网络可提供有用的见解，以增加我们对水动力和质量通量的认识，从而增强我们在海湾规模上的建模能力和风险评估。