There are several harmful and yield decreasing arthropod pests, which live within plant tissues, causing almost unnoticeable damage, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., Cydia pomonella L., Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Their ecological and biological features are rather known. The process leading to the damage is difficult to trace by means of conventional imaging techniques. In this review, optical techniques—X-ray, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy, infrared thermography, near-infrared spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy—are described. Main results can contribute to the understanding of the covert pest life processes from the plant protection perspective. The use of these imaging technologies has greatly improved and facilitated the detailed investigation of injured plants. The results provided additional data on biological and ecological information as to the hidden lifestyles of covertly developing insects. Therefore, it can greatly contribute to the realisation of integrated pest management criteria in practical plant protection.

中文翻译：

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无损成像和光谱技术研究隐藏的节肢动物害虫：综述

存在于植物组织中的几种有害和减产节肢动物害虫，几乎没有引起注意的损害，例如，Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn。，Cydia pomonella L.，Acanthoscelides obtectus说。它们的生态和生物学特征是众所周知的。导致损坏的过程很难通过常规成像技术进行跟踪。在这篇综述中，描述了光学技术-X射线，计算机断层扫描，磁共振成像，共聚焦激光扫描显微镜，红外热成像，近红外光谱和发光光谱。主要结果可有助于从植物保护的角度了解隐蔽害虫的生活过程。这些成像技术的使用大大改善了并促进了对受损植物的详细调查。结果提供了有关秘密发育的昆虫的隐蔽生活方式的生物学和生态信息的补充数据。因此，