PURPOSE The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to compare fetal growth during the second and third trimesters for ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination (IUI), fresh embryo transfer (ET), frozen embryo transfer (FET), and spontaneous conception following infertility. METHODS Three hundred ninety-five women with viable pregnancies confirmed at a single academic fertility center participated. All women achieved pregnancy either by treatment or spontaneously after a diagnosis of infertility. Inclusion criteria included autologous singleton pregnancies. Exclusion criteria included pregnancies from donor oocytes, twins, unavailable ultrasound data, and treatment methods with small number of participants. Primary outcomes of interest were head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), HC/AC ratio, and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Conditional growth curve models were created, and growth curves were selected for each outcome of interest. RESULTS For ovulation induction with IUI, fresh ET, FET, and spontaneous conception, the slope analysis of growth curves for per-week growth rate of HC, AC, HC/AC ratio, and EFW demonstrated no difference. A subgroup analysis of fresh ET and FET groups, for same outcomes, also showed no difference. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the very limited literature on fetal growth trajectories following infertility treatment and suggest no significant differences in fetal growth for ovulation induction with IUI, fresh ET, FET, and spontaneous conception following infertility. It is possible there were no differences in growth trajectories between these conception methods because the majority of children born following infertility are of normal birth weight. While results are reassuring, further research with larger populations is warranted.

中文翻译：

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不孕症治疗后检查胎儿生长轨迹。

目的 这项回顾性队列研究的目的是比较诱导排卵与宫内授精 (IUI)、新鲜胚胎移植 (ET)、冷冻胚胎移植 (FET) 和不孕后自然受孕在妊娠中期和晚期的胎儿生长情况。方法 395 名在单一学术生育中心确认可怀孕的女性参与了研究。所有女性都通过治疗或在诊断出不孕症后自然怀孕。纳入标准包括自体单胎妊娠。排除标准包括捐赠卵母细胞妊娠、双胞胎、无法获得超声数据以及参与者人数较少的治疗方法。感兴趣的主要结局是头围 (HC)、腹围 (AC)、HC/AC 比率和估计胎儿体重 (EFW)。创建了条件生长曲线模型，并为每个感兴趣的结果选择了生长曲线。结果 对于 IUI、新鲜 ET、FET 和自然受孕诱导排卵，HC、AC、HC/AC 比率和 EFW 每周增长率的生长曲线斜率分析显示没有差异。对新鲜 ET 和 FET 组进行的亚组分析，结果相同，也显示没有差异。结论 这些发现导致关于不孕症治疗后胎儿生长轨迹的文献非常有限，并且表明 IUI、新鲜 ET、FET 和不孕症后自然受孕诱导排卵的胎儿生长没有显着差异。这些受孕方法之间的生长轨迹可能没有差异，因为大多数不孕症出生的孩子出生体重正常。虽然结果令人放心，但有必要对更多人群进行进一步研究。