Safflower oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids that is important for health. Drought stress can severely decrease the productivity and oil quality of safflower. Thus, in order to study the effect of hydropriming and melatonin-seed-priming on fatty acid composition and yield of Safflower under water deficit conditions a field experiment was carried out as split-factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replicates during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The oil concentration of the safflower seeds was determined by soxhlet extraction method. Fatty acids of safflower’s oilseed were transformed to their methyl esters (FAME), and a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) was used for determination of fatty acids. The results indicated that melatonin-seed priming increased grain yield, HI and oil yield of safflower under drought condition. Drought stress led to a significant decrease in oil yield, and recently harvested seeds had higher oil yield across both years. The highest amount of oil yield was obtained by hydropriming on seeds which had been stored for 8 years, and recently harvested seeds with 576.50 and 645.57 kg.ha−1, respectively under no-stress condition. Melatonin-seed-priming improved the oil quality of safflower under drought with an increase of unsaturated fatty acids of safflower especially omega 6 and omega 3. Melatonin-seed priming increased the amount of ∑PUFA, ∑UFA/∑SFA, P/S and DBI across both years in comparison with unprimed seeds. Seed priming improved the quality of oil and productivity in both recently harvested and stored seeds. It can be concluded that melatonin-seed priming improved the productivity, oil content and composition especially in stored seeds and under drought stress.

中文翻译：

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种子引发对缺水条件下生长的红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）种子产量、含油量和脂肪酸组成的影响

红花油富含 omega-3 脂肪酸，对健康很重要。干旱胁迫会严重降低红花的生产力和油质。因此，为了研究在缺水条件下氢化引发和褪黑激素种子引发对红花脂肪酸组成和产量的影响，在 2017 年期间进行了四次重复的随机完整区组设计的田间试验作为分裂因子。 2018年生长季节。红花籽油浓度采用索氏提取法测定。将红花油籽的脂肪酸转化为其甲酯 (FAME)，并使用配备火焰离子化检测器 (FID) 的气相色谱仪测定脂肪酸。结果表明，褪黑素种子引发提高了籽粒产量，干旱条件下红花的HI和产油量。干旱压力导致油产量显着下降，最近收获的种子在这两年中的油产量更高。对储存 8 年的种子和最近收获的种子在无胁迫条件下分别以 576.50 和 645.57 kg.ha-1 进行水浸处理，获得了最高的油产量。Melatonin-seed-priming提高了红花在干旱条件下的油质，增加了红花的不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是omega 6和omega 3。 Melatonin-seed priming增加了∑PUFA、∑UFA/∑SFA、P/S和与未经处理的种子相比，这两年的 DBI。种子引发提高了最近收获和储存的种子的油质量和生产力。