Since the beginning of the Syrian war, Lebanon has experienced a major population change and has become the country with the highest number of refugees per capita. The authors apply a macromarketing perspective to study the effects of this population growth on the environmental management of Lebanon, with implications for the Levant and broader Middle East. An analysis of several factors, including geography, climate, population, economics, and politics, offers a holistic and integrative assessment of resource management, quality-of-life (QOL), economic diversification, and inclusive employment. Attention is given to social dilemmas in Lebanon’s consociational politics, and how these dilemmas may be affecting policy making and ultimately sustainable development—locally, nationally, and regionally. The authors share a systemic framework to facilitate understanding and solutions via cooperation and constructive engagement of catalytic institutions, consideration for all stakeholders, and innovative projects that include refugees for best practices to promote sustainable and equitable development, and ultimately peace and prosperity in Lebanon and the Middle East.

中文翻译：

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从冲突到合作：黎巴嫩和中东可持续和包容性发展的宏观营销观点

自叙利亚战争开始以来，黎巴嫩经历了重大的人口变化，成为人均难民人数最多的国家。作者应用宏观营销的视角来研究这种人口增长对黎巴嫩环境管理的影响，对黎凡特和更广泛的中东地区产生影响。对包括地理、气候、人口、经济和政治在内的多个因素的分析，提供了对资源管理、生活质量 (QOL)、经济多样化和包容性就业的全面综合评估。关注黎巴嫩社会政治中的社会困境，以及这些困境如何影响地方、国家和区域的政策制定和最终的可持续发展。