The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive network comprising millions of neurons and glial cells contained within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The major functions of the ENS that have been most studied include the regulation of local gut motility, secretion, and blood flow. Other areas that have been gaining increased attention include its interaction with the immune system, with the gut microbiota and its involvement in the gut-brain axis, and neuro-epithelial interactions. Thus, the enteric circuitry plays a central role in intestinal homeostasis, and this becomes particularly evident when there are faults in its wiring such as in neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we first focus on the current knowledge on the cellular composition of enteric circuits. We then further discuss how enteric circuits detect and process external information, how these signals may be modulated by physiological and pathophysiological factors, and finally, how outputs are generated for integrated gut function.

中文翻译：

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肠神经系统中的功能电路和信号处理。

肠神经系统（ENS）是一个广泛的网络，包含胃肠道壁内包含的数百万个神经元和神经胶质细胞。ENS的主要功能已被研究最多，包括调节局部肠道蠕动，分泌和血流。其他受到关注的领域包括其与免疫系统的相互作用，肠道菌群及其在肠脑轴中的参与以及神经上皮的相互作用。因此，肠电路在肠道动态平衡中起着核心作用，当其布线出现故障时，例如在神经发育或神经退行性疾病中，这一点尤为明显。在这篇综述中，我们首先关注于肠电路的细胞组成方面的最新知识。